Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene

C2H4 + HBr → C2H5Br

Übersicht

Ethylene undergoes electrophilic addition with hydrogen bromide to form bromoethane. The pi electrons of the C=C double bond attack the electrophilic hydrogen of HBr, forming a carbocation intermediate that is then attacked by bromide. For unsymmetrical alkenes, Markovnikov's rule predicts the major product.

Teilnehmer

Rolle Substanz Koeffizient Zustand
Reaktant Ethylene C₂H₄ 1 (g)

Alltägliches Beispiel

This type of addition reaction is how the chemical industry converts simple alkenes from petroleum cracking into useful alkyl halides.

Industrielle Bedeutung

Alkyl halides produced by HX addition are intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and Grignard reagent preparation.

Eigenschaften

Typ
Organic
Reversibel
Nein
Energie
Exotherm
ΔH
-53,0 kJ/mol

Verwandte Reaktionen

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene?
The balanced equation is: C₂H₄ + HBr → C₂H₅Br.
What type of reaction is Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene?
Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene is a organic reaction.
Is Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene exothermic or endothermic?
Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -53.0 kJ/mol.