Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid (White Smoke)

NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl

Übersicht

Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form white fumes of ammonium chloride solid. This dramatic reaction occurs when concentrated ammonia and hydrochloric acid bottles are placed near each other, as the vapors meet in air and create a white smoke cloud.

Teilnehmer

Rolle Substanz Koeffizient Zustand
Reaktant Ammonia NH₃ 1 (g)
Reaktant Hydrochloric Acid HCl 1 (g)

Alltägliches Beispiel

The white smoke that forms when bottles of ammonia and HCl are opened near each other is one of the most striking gas-phase chemistry demonstrations.

Industrielle Bedeutung

Ammonium chloride is used in soldering flux, in zinc-carbon batteries, as a nitrogen fertilizer, and in cough medicine formulations.

Eigenschaften

Typ
Double Replacement
Reversibel
Ja
Energie
Exotherm
ΔH
-176,0 kJ/mol

Verwandte Reaktionen

Iron(III) Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Calcium Chloride and Sodium Carbonate Barium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate Precipitation Calcium Hydroxide and Carbon Dioxide (Limewater Test) Sodium Hydroxide and Iron(III) Chloride (Rust Color) Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid Neutralization Potassium Hydroxide and Sulfuric Acid Sodium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Aluminum Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid (White Smoke)?
The balanced equation is: NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl.
What type of reaction is Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid (White Smoke)?
Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid (White Smoke) is a double replacement reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid (White Smoke) exothermic or endothermic?
Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid (White Smoke) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -176.0 kJ/mol.