Verbrennungswärme von Magnesium
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Bestimmung von ΔH mithilfe des Hess'schen Gesetzes und Magnesiumoxid
Ziel
Die Verbrennungsenthalpie von Magnesium indirekt mithilfe des Hess'schen Gesetzes bestimmen, da eine direkte Messung unpraktisch ist.
Hintergrund
The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.
Sicherheitswarnungen
- HCl is corrosive
- Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
- Do not perform near open flames
- Wear goggles and gloves
Erforderliche PSA
Materialien
-
Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
-
Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)1M
Ausrüstung
Durchführung
Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.
Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.
Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.
Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).
Erwartete Ergebnisse
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.
Aufräumen
Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.
Details
- Kategorie
- Thermochemistry
- Schwierigkeit
- Advanced (University)
- Dauer
- 50 Min.
- Geschätzte Kosten
- $12,00
- Schritte
- 6
- Materialien
- 3