Verbrennungswärme von Magnesium

Bestimmung von ΔH mithilfe des Hess'schen Gesetzes und Magnesiumoxid

Thermochemistry Advanced (University) 50 Min. ~$12,00

Ziel

Die Verbrennungsenthalpie von Magnesium indirekt mithilfe des Hess'schen Gesetzes bestimmen, da eine direkte Messung unpraktisch ist.

Hintergrund

The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.

Sicherheitswarnungen

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
  • Do not perform near open flames
  • Wear goggles and gloves

Erforderliche PSA

goggles gloves lab_coat

Materialien

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
  • Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)
    1M

Ausrüstung

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Thermometer Analytical balance Graduated cylinder Lid

Durchführung

1

Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.

8 Min. H₂ produced — no flames
2

Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.

5 Min.
3

Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.

8 Min.
4

Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.

5 Min.
5

Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.

5 Min.
6

Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).

5 Min.

Erwartete Ergebnisse

ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.

Aufräumen

Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Verbrennungswärme von Magnesium?
Die Verbrennungsenthalpie von Magnesium indirekt mithilfe des Hess'schen Gesetzes bestimmen, da eine direkte Messung unpraktisch ist.
How difficult is Verbrennungswärme von Magnesium?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 50 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Verbrennungswärme von Magnesium?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas; Do not perform near open flames.
What materials are needed for Verbrennungswärme von Magnesium?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Magnesium oxide (MgO), Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What results should I expect from Verbrennungswärme von Magnesium?
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.