Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)
2Al2O3 + 3C → 4Al + 3CO2
Übersicht
Alumina (Al₂O₃) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) at 960°C and electrolyzed using carbon anodes. Aluminum is deposited at the cathode and oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form CO₂. Independently invented by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult in 1886, this process reduced aluminum from a precious metal to a commodity.
Teilnehmer
| Rolle | Substanz | Koeffizient | Zustand |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reaktant | Aluminum Oxide Al₂O₃ | 2 | (l) |
| Reaktant | Carbon C | 3 | (s) |
| Produkt | Carbon Dioxide CO₂ | 3 | (g) |
| Produkt | Aluminum Al | 4 | (l) |
Alltägliches Beispiel
Every piece of aluminum foil, beverage can, and airplane wing was produced by the Hall-Héroult process.
Industrielle Bedeutung
Aluminum smelting produces 65 million tonnes annually and consumes about 3% of global electricity. Recycling uses only 5% of the energy.
Eigenschaften
- Typ
- Electrochemical
- Reversibel
- Nein
- Energie
- Endotherm
- ΔH
- 2168,0 kJ/mol
- Katalysator
- Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent
Verwandte Reaktionen
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
The balanced equation is: 2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂.
What type of reaction is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) exothermic or endothermic?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 2168.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent).