Synthesis of Urea

2NH3 + CO2 → (NH2)2CO + H2O

Übersicht

Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperature and pressure to form urea and water. This is the Bosch-Meiser process, which produces the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer. The first synthetic organic compound was urea, famously synthesized by Wohler in 1828.

Teilnehmer

Rolle Substanz Koeffizient Zustand
Reaktant Carbon Dioxide CO₂ 1 (g)
Reaktant Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)
Produkt Water H₂O 1 (l)

Alltägliches Beispiel

Urea is the main component of most solid nitrogen fertilizers applied to lawns and gardens worldwide.

Industrielle Bedeutung

Over 180 million tonnes of urea are produced annually, making it the most produced organic compound. It is essential for agriculture, animal feed, and chemical synthesis.

Eigenschaften

Typ
Synthesis
Reversibel
Ja
Energie
Exotherm
ΔH
-101,0 kJ/mol

Verwandte Reaktionen

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Synthesis of Urea?
The balanced equation is: 2NH₃ + CO₂ → (NH₂)₂CO + H₂O.
What type of reaction is Synthesis of Urea?
Synthesis of Urea is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Synthesis of Urea exothermic or endothermic?
Synthesis of Urea is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -101.0 kJ/mol.