Synthesis of Urea
2NH3 + CO2 → (NH2)2CO + H2O
Overview
Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperature and pressure to form urea and water. This is the Bosch-Meiser process, which produces the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer. The first synthetic organic compound was urea, famously synthesized by Wohler in 1828.
Participants
| Role | Substance | Coefficient | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactant | Carbon Dioxide CO₂ | 1 | (g) |
| Reactant | Ammonia NH₃ | 2 | (g) |
| Product | Water H₂O | 1 | (l) |
Everyday Example
Urea is the main component of most solid nitrogen fertilizers applied to lawns and gardens worldwide.
Industrial Importance
Over 180 million tonnes of urea are produced annually, making it the most produced organic compound. It is essential for agriculture, animal feed, and chemical synthesis.
Properties
- Type
- Synthesis
- Reversible
- Yes
- Energy
- Exothermic
- ΔH
- -101.0 kJ/mol
Related Reactions
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)
Formation of Aluminum Oxide
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)
Formation of Barium Oxide
Formation of Barium Sulfate
Formation of Beryllium Oxide
Formation of Cadmium Oxide
Formation of Calcium Carbonate from Oxides
Formation of Calcium Hydroxide
Formation of Calcium Oxide (Quicklime)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Synthesis of Urea?
The balanced equation is: 2NH₃ + CO₂ → (NH₂)₂CO + H₂O.
What type of reaction is Synthesis of Urea?
Synthesis of Urea is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Synthesis of Urea exothermic or endothermic?
Synthesis of Urea is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -101.0 kJ/mol.