Kromatografi Pigmen Tanaman

Memisahkan klorofil dan karotenoid menggunakan kromatografi kertas

Qualitative Analysis Intermediate (High School) 60 menit ~$8,00

Tujuan

Pisahkan dan identifikasi pigmen tanaman menggunakan kromatografi kertas, dan hitung nilai Rf untuk setiap pigmen.

Latar Belakang

Paper chromatography separates mixtures based on differential affinity for the stationary phase (paper) and mobile phase (solvent). Plant leaves contain multiple pigments: chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green), xanthophylls (yellow), and carotenoids (orange). These pigments have different polarities, causing them to travel different distances up the paper as the solvent front advances.

Peringatan Keselamatan

  • Acetone and petroleum ether are highly flammable — no open flames
  • Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood
  • Avoid inhaling solvent vapors
  • Petroleum ether is a skin irritant

APD yang Diperlukan

goggles gloves lab_coat

Bahan

  • Fresh spinach leaves (5–10 leaves)
    Or other dark green leaves
  • Acetone or isopropanol (50 mL)
    Extraction solvent
  • Petroleum ether (30 mL)
    Chromatography solvent
  • Chromatography paper (2 strips)
    Whatman No. 1 or equivalent
  • Sand (1 teaspoon)
    For grinding

Peralatan

Mortar and pestle Beaker (250 mL) with watch glass cover Pencil (not pen) Ruler Capillary tube Scissors

Prosedur

1

Grind spinach leaves with a pinch of sand and 5 mL acetone in a mortar until a deep green extract forms.

5 menit Acetone is flammable
2

Draw a pencil line 2 cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper. Apply the extract using a capillary tube in a small spot. Let dry and reapply 3–4 times to concentrate.

10 menit
3

Pour petroleum ether into the beaker to a depth of about 1 cm. Suspend the paper strip so the origin line is just above the solvent level.

5 menit Work in fume hood
4

Cover the beaker with a watch glass and let the solvent rise by capillary action. Do not disturb until the solvent front is 1–2 cm from the top.

25 menit
5

Remove the paper, immediately mark the solvent front with pencil. Let dry completely.

5 menit
6

Identify the colored bands: carotenoids (orange, highest Rf), xanthophylls (yellow), chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green, lowest Rf). Calculate Rf values for each band.

10 menit

Hasil yang Diharapkan

Four or more colored bands should be visible. Carotenoids (orange) travel farthest (Rf ≈ 0.9–0.95). Xanthophylls (yellow) at Rf ≈ 0.7. Chlorophyll a (blue-green) at Rf ≈ 0.5. Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) at Rf ≈ 0.4.

Pembersihan

Allow all solvents to evaporate in the fume hood. Dispose of paper in general waste. Clean mortar and pestle thoroughly.

Detail

Kategori
Qualitative Analysis
Tingkat Kesulitan
Intermediate (High School)
Durasi
60 menit
Perkiraan Biaya
$8,00
Langkah
6
Bahan
5

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Kromatografi Pigmen Tanaman?
Pisahkan dan identifikasi pigmen tanaman menggunakan kromatografi kertas, dan hitung nilai Rf untuk setiap pigmen.
How difficult is Kromatografi Pigmen Tanaman?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Kromatografi Pigmen Tanaman?
Key safety precautions include: Acetone and petroleum ether are highly flammable — no open flames; Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood; Avoid inhaling solvent vapors.
What materials are needed for Kromatografi Pigmen Tanaman?
The main materials required are: Fresh spinach leaves, Acetone or isopropanol, Petroleum ether, Chromatography paper, Sand.
What results should I expect from Kromatografi Pigmen Tanaman?
Four or more colored bands should be visible. Carotenoids (orange) travel farthest (Rf ≈ 0.9–0.95). Xanthophylls (yellow) at Rf ≈ 0.7. Chlorophyll a (blue-green) at Rf ≈ 0.5. Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) at Rf ≈ 0.4.