Perbandingan Laju Difusi (Hukum Graham)

Membandingkan laju difusi gas HCl dan NH₃

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 30 menit ~$10,00

Tujuan

Verifikasi hukum difusi Graham dengan membandingkan laju pergerakan gas HCl dan NH₃ melalui tabung kaca.

Latar Belakang

Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. When HCl (36.5 g/mol) and NH₃ (17 g/mol) diffuse toward each other in a tube, they form a white ring of NH₄Cl where they meet. The ring forms closer to the HCl end because NH₃ diffuses faster.

Peringatan Keselamatan

  • Concentrated HCl fumes are corrosive and irritating
  • Concentrated ammonia fumes are irritating
  • Perform this experiment in a fume hood or well-ventilated area
  • Do not inhale either gas directly

APD yang Diperlukan

goggles gloves lab_coat

Bahan

  • Concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 mL)
    For HCl fumes
  • Concentrated ammonia solution (5 mL)
    For NH₃ fumes
  • Cotton wool (2 pieces)
    For soaking

Peralatan

Glass tube (1 m long, 2 cm diameter) Rubber stoppers (2) Ruler Retort stand and clamps Stopwatch

Prosedur

1

Clamp the glass tube horizontally on the retort stand.

3 menit
2

In a fume hood, soak one cotton ball in concentrated HCl and another in concentrated ammonia.

2 menit Fume hood — both gases are irritating
3

Simultaneously insert the HCl cotton ball into one end and the NH₃ cotton ball into the other end. Stopper both ends.

2 menit Work quickly
4

Start the timer. Watch for a white ring of NH₄Cl to form where the two gases meet.

10 menit
5

When the white ring appears, stop the timer. Measure the distance from each end to the ring.

3 menit
6

Calculate the ratio of distances: d(NH₃)/d(HCl) should equal √(M(HCl)/M(NH₃)) = √(36.5/17) = 1.46.

5 menit

Hasil yang Diharapkan

The white NH₄Cl ring should form approximately 60% of the way from the HCl end (40% from the NH₃ end), since NH₃ diffuses 1.46 times faster than HCl. The ratio d(NH₃)/d(HCl) should be approximately 1.4-1.5.

Pembersihan

Remove cotton balls and dispose in fume hood. Rinse the glass tube with water. Ventilate the area.

Detail

Kategori
Gas Laws
Tingkat Kesulitan
Intermediate (High School)
Durasi
30 menit
Perkiraan Biaya
$10,00
Langkah
6
Bahan
3

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Perbandingan Laju Difusi (Hukum Graham)?
Verifikasi hukum difusi Graham dengan membandingkan laju pergerakan gas HCl dan NH₃ melalui tabung kaca.
How difficult is Perbandingan Laju Difusi (Hukum Graham)?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Perbandingan Laju Difusi (Hukum Graham)?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated HCl fumes are corrosive and irritating; Concentrated ammonia fumes are irritating; Perform this experiment in a fume hood or well-ventilated area.
What materials are needed for Perbandingan Laju Difusi (Hukum Graham)?
The main materials required are: Concentrated hydrochloric acid, Concentrated ammonia solution, Cotton wool.
What results should I expect from Perbandingan Laju Difusi (Hukum Graham)?
The white NH₄Cl ring should form approximately 60% of the way from the HCl end (40% from the NH₃ end), since NH₃ diffuses 1.46 times faster than HCl. The ratio d(NH₃)/d(HCl) should be approximately 1.4-1.5.