Elektrolisis Air

Memisahkan air menjadi gas hidrogen dan oksigen

Electrochemistry Intermediate (High School) 40 menit ~$15,00

Tujuan

Uraikan air menjadi gas hidrogen dan oksigen menggunakan elektrolisis, dan verifikasi rasio volume 2:1 yang diprediksi oleh stoikiometri.

Latar Belakang

Water electrolysis uses electrical energy to drive the non-spontaneous decomposition of water. At the cathode, water is reduced to hydrogen gas; at the anode, water is oxidized to oxygen gas. A small amount of electrolyte (sulfuric acid or sodium sulfate) is added to increase conductivity.

Peringatan Keselamatan

  • Hydrogen gas is flammable — no open flames nearby
  • Do not use excessive voltage (above 12V)
  • Ensure proper ventilation

APD yang Diperlukan

goggles lab_coat

Bahan

  • Distilled water (500 mL)
  • Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) (5 g)
    Electrolyte
  • Universal indicator (5 mL)
    Optional, to show pH changes

Peralatan

9V battery or DC power supply Two graphite or platinum electrodes Two inverted graduated cylinders or test tubes Beaker (600 mL) Wires with alligator clips Stand and clamps

Prosedur

1

Dissolve 5 g of sodium sulfate in 500 mL of distilled water in the beaker.

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2

Fill two graduated cylinders completely with the solution and invert them over the electrodes in the beaker.

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3

Connect the electrodes to the DC power supply or battery. Note which electrode is connected to positive (anode) and negative (cathode).

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4

Turn on the power supply and observe gas bubbles forming at both electrodes.

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5

Collect gas in the inverted cylinders for 15-20 minutes, recording the volume at each electrode every 5 minutes.

20 menit Keep flames away — hydrogen is flammable
6

Compare the volumes of gas collected. The cathode (H₂) should collect twice the volume of the anode (O₂).

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7

Optionally, test the cathode gas with a lit splint (squeaky pop test for H₂) and the anode gas with a glowing splint (relights for O₂).

3 menit Use small quantities for gas tests

Hasil yang Diharapkan

The cathode should collect approximately twice the volume of gas as the anode, confirming the 2:1 ratio of H₂ to O₂. If universal indicator is added, the solution near the cathode turns blue/purple (basic) and near the anode turns red/orange (acidic).

Pembersihan

Disconnect the power supply. Dispose of the solution down the drain. Rinse and dry the electrodes.

Detail

Kategori
Electrochemistry
Tingkat Kesulitan
Intermediate (High School)
Durasi
40 menit
Perkiraan Biaya
$15,00
Langkah
7
Bahan
3

Eksperimen Lainnya

Baterai Lemon 20 min Elektrolisis Tembaga Sulfat 50 min Konstruksi Sel Daniell 45 min Metode Pencegahan Karat 30 min Pelapisan Listrik dengan Tembaga 60 min Pengukuran Potensial Sel Volta 60 min Sel Konsentrasi 45 min Verifikasi Deret Aktivitas 30 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Elektrolisis Air?
Uraikan air menjadi gas hidrogen dan oksigen menggunakan elektrolisis, dan verifikasi rasio volume 2:1 yang diprediksi oleh stoikiometri.
How difficult is Elektrolisis Air?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Elektrolisis Air?
Key safety precautions include: Hydrogen gas is flammable — no open flames nearby; Do not use excessive voltage (above 12V); Ensure proper ventilation.
What materials are needed for Elektrolisis Air?
The main materials required are: Distilled water, Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), Universal indicator.
What results should I expect from Elektrolisis Air?
The cathode should collect approximately twice the volume of gas as the anode, confirming the 2:1 ratio of H₂ to O₂. If universal indicator is added, the solution near the cathode turns blue/purple (basic) and near the anode turns red/orange (acidic).