Reaksi Termit

Reaksi redoks sangat eksotermik menghasilkan besi cair dari karat dan aluminium

Classroom Demonstrations Advanced (University) 30 menit ~$15,00

Tujuan

Demonstrasikan reaksi oksidasi-reduksi yang sangat eksotermik di mana aluminium mereduksi besi oksida menjadi besi cair.

Latar Belakang

The thermite reaction (2Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe) is one of the most exothermic chemical reactions known. Aluminum reduces iron(III) oxide to produce molten iron and aluminum oxide, reaching temperatures above 2500°C. The reaction is driven by the much greater affinity of aluminum for oxygen compared to iron (the activity series in dramatic action). Thermite is used industrially for welding railroad tracks and cutting through steel.

Peringatan Keselamatan

  • EXTREME CAUTION: Reaction produces temperatures above 2500°C
  • Perform OUTDOORS ONLY with at least 10 m clearance
  • Molten iron droplets are ejected — no one within 5 meters
  • Heavy-duty safety shield is mandatory
  • Have a Class D fire extinguisher on hand (not water or CO₂)
  • Aluminum powder is an explosion hazard — keep away from flame until ready
  • Never attempt to move or disturb the reaction once ignited
  • Wait at least 30 minutes for products to cool before approaching

APD yang Diperlukan

goggles gloves lab_coat face_shield

Bahan

  • Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) powder (50 g)
    Fine rust powder
  • Aluminum powder (15 g)
    Fine mesh (200+)
  • Magnesium ribbon (20 cm)
    Ignition fuse
  • Sand (5 kg)
    Insulation bed

Peralatan

Clay flower pot (with drainage hole plugged) Ring stand with iron ring Metal bucket filled with dry sand Safety shield (heavy duty) Fire extinguisher (Class D) Long-handled lighter or match holder

Prosedur

1

OUTDOORS ONLY: Set up the ring stand over the sand-filled bucket. Place the clay pot (with drainage hole plugged with a small wad of paper) on the iron ring.

5 menit 10 m minimum clearance from buildings
2

Mix 50 g Fe₂O₃ with 15 g Al powder thoroughly (by weight, approximately 3:1 ratio) in the clay pot.

3 menit No open flames near Al powder
3

Insert the magnesium ribbon into the top of the mixture as a fuse. Ensure the shield is positioned correctly.

2 menit
4

Ensure all observers are at least 5 meters away and behind cover. Light the magnesium ribbon with a long lighter and retreat immediately.

2 menit RETREAT IMMEDIATELY after igniting
5

Observe from safe distance: the reaction produces an intensely bright white-orange glow and sparks. Molten iron drips through the pot into the sand below.

3 menit Do not look directly at the reaction without eye protection
6

Wait at least 30 minutes for everything to cool. Dig through the sand to find the solidified iron button.

10 menit Products may still be very hot
7

Examine the iron button and white Al₂O₃ slag. Discuss: activity series, enthalpy of formation, why Al is used in thermite (high affinity for O₂), and industrial applications.

5 menit

Hasil yang Diharapkan

An intensely bright, self-sustaining reaction lasting 10–20 seconds. Molten iron collects at the bottom (a solid metal button when cooled). White Al₂O₃ slag forms on top. The reaction demonstrates the extreme energy difference between Al-O and Fe-O bonds.

Pembersihan

Once fully cooled, collect the iron button and slag. Sand can be reused. Do not pour water on hot products. Dispose of residue in general waste.

Detail

Kategori
Classroom Demonstrations
Tingkat Kesulitan
Advanced (University)
Durasi
30 menit
Perkiraan Biaya
$15,00
Langkah
7
Bahan
4

Eksperimen Lainnya

Cairan Non-Newton: Ooblek 20 min Gelas Kimia yang Menghilang (Pencocokan Indeks Bias) 15 min Kemiluminensensi dengan Luminol 30 min Kolom Kerapatan Pelangi 30 min Pasta Gigi Gajah 20 min Pembakaran Magnesium dalam Es Kering 25 min Pembekuan Seketika: Air Superdingin 120 min Reaksi Jam Iodin 45 min Reaksi Natrium dan Air 25 min Reaksi Osilasi Briggs-Rauscher 40 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Reaksi Termit?
Demonstrasikan reaksi oksidasi-reduksi yang sangat eksotermik di mana aluminium mereduksi besi oksida menjadi besi cair.
How difficult is Reaksi Termit?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Reaksi Termit?
Key safety precautions include: EXTREME CAUTION: Reaction produces temperatures above 2500°C; Perform OUTDOORS ONLY with at least 10 m clearance; Molten iron droplets are ejected — no one within 5 meters.
What materials are needed for Reaksi Termit?
The main materials required are: Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) powder, Aluminum powder, Magnesium ribbon, Sand.
What results should I expect from Reaksi Termit?
An intensely bright, self-sustaining reaction lasting 10–20 seconds. Molten iron collects at the bottom (a solid metal button when cooled). White Al₂O₃ slag forms on top. The reaction demonstrates the extreme energy difference between Al-O and Fe-O bonds.