Seifenherstellung durch Verseifung

Umwandlung von Fetten in Seife mithilfe von Natriumhydroxid

Organic Synthesis Intermediate (High School) 60 Min. ~$10,00

Ziel

Seife durch Verseifung von Pflanzenöl mit Natriumhydroxid herstellen und dabei die Hydrolyse von Esterbindungen in Triglyceriden demonstrieren.

Hintergrund

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of a fat or oil (triglyceride) to produce glycerol and soap (sodium salts of fatty acids). This ancient chemical reaction is the basis of all soap manufacturing and demonstrates ester bond cleavage.

Sicherheitswarnungen

  • Concentrated NaOH is extremely corrosive
  • Wear nitrile gloves and goggles at all times
  • Hot oil and NaOH can cause severe burns
  • Do not use the soap on skin until it has fully cured (4-6 weeks)

Erforderliche PSA

goggles gloves lab_coat

Materialien

  • Vegetable oil (olive or coconut) (20 mL)
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (10 mL)
    6M solution
  • Ethanol (10 mL)
    To help mix oil and base
  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) (15 g)
    Saturated solution for salting out
  • Distilled water (100 mL)

Ausrüstung

250 mL beaker Hot plate Glass stirring rod Cheesecloth or filter Mold (small cup)

Durchführung

1

Heat 20 mL of vegetable oil in the beaker to about 40°C on the hot plate.

3 Min.
2

Mix 10 mL of 6M NaOH with 10 mL ethanol in a separate container.

2 Min. NaOH is corrosive
3

Slowly add the NaOH/ethanol mixture to the warm oil while stirring continuously.

3 Min. Hot caustic mixture
4

Continue heating and stirring at 60-70°C for 20 minutes until the mixture becomes thick and opaque (trace).

20 Min.
5

Add 50 mL of saturated NaCl solution to salt out the soap. Stir and allow to cool.

10 Min.
6

Filter the solid soap through cheesecloth. Press out excess liquid.

5 Min.
7

Mold the soap into a shape and allow to dry for 24 hours.

3 Min. Do not use on skin until fully cured
8

Test a small piece by dissolving in warm water — it should produce lather.

3 Min.

Erwartete Ergebnisse

A solid, white to cream-colored soap that lathers when dissolved in water. The soap may feel slightly slippery, indicating successful saponification. Full curing takes 4-6 weeks to neutralize any remaining NaOH.

Aufräumen

Neutralize any remaining NaOH solution with vinegar before disposal. Rinse all glassware. Wipe down work surfaces.

Details

Kategorie
Organic Synthesis
Schwierigkeit
Intermediate (High School)
Dauer
60 Min.
Geschätzte Kosten
$10,00
Schritte
8
Materialien
5

Weitere Experimente

Aldolkondensation (Dibenzalaceton) 75 min Biodieselherstellung aus Pflanzenöl 60 min Extraktion von Koffein aus Tee 90 min Fischer-Veresterung von Ethylacetat 90 min Herstellung von Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) 80 min Herstellung von Nylon 6,10 (Nylon-Seil-Trick) 30 min Schleimsynthese (vernetztes PVA) 20 min Synthese von Aspirin (Acetylsalicylsäure) 90 min Synthese von Bananenaroma (Isoamylacetat) 90 min Synthese von Luminol 120 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Seifenherstellung durch Verseifung?
Seife durch Verseifung von Pflanzenöl mit Natriumhydroxid herstellen und dabei die Hydrolyse von Esterbindungen in Triglyceriden demonstrieren.
How difficult is Seifenherstellung durch Verseifung?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Seifenherstellung durch Verseifung?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated NaOH is extremely corrosive; Wear nitrile gloves and goggles at all times; Hot oil and NaOH can cause severe burns.
What materials are needed for Seifenherstellung durch Verseifung?
The main materials required are: Vegetable oil (olive or coconut), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Ethanol, Sodium chloride (NaCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Seifenherstellung durch Verseifung?
A solid, white to cream-colored soap that lathers when dissolved in water. The soap may feel slightly slippery, indicating successful saponification. Full curing takes 4-6 weeks to neutralize any remaining NaOH.