पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण

दुनिया भर में सबसे अधिक निर्धारित दर्दनिवारक

Pharmaceutical & Drug Manufacturing Global Industrial Scale $680 million

अवलोकन

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the most widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug globally, with annual production exceeding 145,000 tons. The industrial synthesis proceeds through reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol, followed by acetylation with acetic anhydride. Modern catalytic hydrogenation methods have replaced older iron-acid reduction, improving yields and reducing waste. The drug is formulated into tablets, capsules, liquids, and suppositories for over-the-counter and prescription use.

रासायनिक प्रक्रिया

p-Nitrophenol is catalytically hydrogenated to p-aminophenol using Pt/C or Pd/C catalyst at moderate pressure. The aminophenol is then acetylated with acetic anhydride in aqueous solution to form paracetamol, which is crystallized and dried.

HOC₆H₄NO₂ + 3H₂ →[Pd/C] HOC₆H₄NH₂ + 2H₂O
HOC₆H₄NH₂ + (CH₃CO)₂O → HOC₆H₄NHCOCH₃ + CH₃COOH

कच्चा माल

  • p-Nitrophenol (C₆H₅NO₃) — Nitration of phenol (Starting material)
  • Hydrogen gas (H₂) — Steam methane reforming (Reducing agent)
  • Acetic anhydride ((CH₃CO)₂O) — Ketene process (Acetylating agent)

अंतिम उत्पाद

  • Paracetamol (C₈H₉NO₂) — Analgesic and antipyretic (USP grade, >99% purity)
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Environmental Impact

The catalytic hydrogenation route is significantly cleaner than the older iron-acid reduction, which generated large quantities of iron oxide sludge. Acetic acid byproduct is recovered and recycled. The process has moderate environmental impact with controlled wastewater treatment.

सुरक्षा संबंधी विचार

हालिया नवाचार

A new one-pot synthesis from hydroquinone using enzymatic amidation has been developed, eliminating the need for nitrophenol intermediates.
Continuous flow hydrogenation reactors improve safety and throughput.

उत्पादन पैमाना

145000

टन/वर्ष

$680 million

बाज़ार मूल्य

%(name)s में और Pharmaceutical & Drug Manufacturing

आइबुप्रोफेन संश्लेषण — BHC हरित प्रक्रिया

Global Industrial Scale

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Global Industrial Scale

किण्वन द्वारा पेनिसिलिन G उत्पादन

Global Industrial Scale

पुनर्संयोजक मानव इंसुलिन उत्पादन

Global Industrial Scale

प्रोटॉन पंप अवरोधकों के लिए ओमेप्राज़ोल संश्लेषण

Global Industrial Scale

मेटफॉर्मिन हाइड्रोक्लोराइड संश्लेषण

Global Industrial Scale

सैलिसिलिक अम्ल के एसिटाइलेशन द्वारा एस्पिरिन संश्लेषण

Global Industrial Scale

Frequently Asked Questions

What industry uses पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण?
पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण is used in the pharmaceutical & drug manufacturing sector at global industrial scale scale.
What process is involved in पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण?
p-Nitrophenol is catalytically hydrogenated to p-aminophenol using Pt/C or Pd/C catalyst at moderate pressure. The aminophenol is then acetylated with acetic anhydride in aqueous solution to form paracetamol, which is crystallized and dried.
What is the economic significance of पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण?
पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण has a market value of $680 million and annual production of 145,000 tons.
What is the environmental impact of पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण?
The catalytic hydrogenation route is significantly cleaner than the older iron-acid reduction, which generated large quantities of iron oxide sludge. Acetic acid byproduct is recovered and recycled. The process has moderate environmental impact with controlled wastewater treatment.
What raw materials are used in पेरासिटामोल (एसिटामिनोफेन) संश्लेषण?
The main raw materials include: p-Nitrophenol (C₆H₅NO₃), Hydrogen gas (H₂), Acetic anhydride ((CH₃CO)₂O).