विसरण दर तुलना (ग्राहम का नियम)

HCl और NH₃ गैसों की विसरण दरों की तुलना

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 30 मिनट ~$10.00

उद्देश्य

एक कांच की नली के माध्यम से HCl और NH₃ गैसों की यात्रा दरों की तुलना करके ग्राहम के विसरण नियम की पुष्टि करें।

पृष्ठभूमि

Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. When HCl (36.5 g/mol) and NH₃ (17 g/mol) diffuse toward each other in a tube, they form a white ring of NH₄Cl where they meet. The ring forms closer to the HCl end because NH₃ diffuses faster.

सुरक्षा चेतावनियाँ

  • Concentrated HCl fumes are corrosive and irritating
  • Concentrated ammonia fumes are irritating
  • Perform this experiment in a fume hood or well-ventilated area
  • Do not inhale either gas directly

आवश्यक PPE

goggles gloves lab_coat

सामग्री

  • Concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 mL)
    For HCl fumes
  • Concentrated ammonia solution (5 mL)
    For NH₃ fumes
  • Cotton wool (2 pieces)
    For soaking

उपकरण

Glass tube (1 m long, 2 cm diameter) Rubber stoppers (2) Ruler Retort stand and clamps Stopwatch

प्रक्रिया

1

Clamp the glass tube horizontally on the retort stand.

3 मिनट
2

In a fume hood, soak one cotton ball in concentrated HCl and another in concentrated ammonia.

2 मिनट Fume hood — both gases are irritating
3

Simultaneously insert the HCl cotton ball into one end and the NH₃ cotton ball into the other end. Stopper both ends.

2 मिनट Work quickly
4

Start the timer. Watch for a white ring of NH₄Cl to form where the two gases meet.

10 मिनट
5

When the white ring appears, stop the timer. Measure the distance from each end to the ring.

3 मिनट
6

Calculate the ratio of distances: d(NH₃)/d(HCl) should equal √(M(HCl)/M(NH₃)) = √(36.5/17) = 1.46.

5 मिनट

अपेक्षित परिणाम

The white NH₄Cl ring should form approximately 60% of the way from the HCl end (40% from the NH₃ end), since NH₃ diffuses 1.46 times faster than HCl. The ratio d(NH₃)/d(HCl) should be approximately 1.4-1.5.

सफाई

Remove cotton balls and dispose in fume hood. Rinse the glass tube with water. Ventilate the area.

विवरण

श्रेणी
Gas Laws
कठिनाई
Intermediate (High School)
अवधि
30 मिनट
अनुमानित लागत
$10.00
चरण
6
सामग्री
3

अधिक प्रयोग

CO₂ और चूने के पानी का परीक्षण 20 min STP पर गैस का मोलर आयतन 35 min कार्टेशियन गोताखोर 15 min गुब्बारे के साथ चार्ल्स का नियम 30 min बॉयल के नियम का सत्यापन 40 min मैग्नीशियम के साथ गैस रससमीकरण 40 min वाष्प दाब और क्वथनांक 45 min हाइड्रोजन गैस संग्रहण 35 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of विसरण दर तुलना (ग्राहम का नियम)?
एक कांच की नली के माध्यम से HCl और NH₃ गैसों की यात्रा दरों की तुलना करके ग्राहम के विसरण नियम की पुष्टि करें।
How difficult is विसरण दर तुलना (ग्राहम का नियम)?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for विसरण दर तुलना (ग्राहम का नियम)?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated HCl fumes are corrosive and irritating; Concentrated ammonia fumes are irritating; Perform this experiment in a fume hood or well-ventilated area.
What materials are needed for विसरण दर तुलना (ग्राहम का नियम)?
The main materials required are: Concentrated hydrochloric acid, Concentrated ammonia solution, Cotton wool.
What results should I expect from विसरण दर तुलना (ग्राहम का नियम)?
The white NH₄Cl ring should form approximately 60% of the way from the HCl end (40% from the NH₃ end), since NH₃ diffuses 1.46 times faster than HCl. The ratio d(NH₃)/d(HCl) should be approximately 1.4-1.5.