वाष्प दाब और क्वथनांक
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तापमान के साथ वाष्प दाब के परिवर्तन को मापना
उद्देश्य
विभिन्न तापमानों पर पानी का वाष्प दाब मापें और क्लॉसियस-क्लेपेयरॉन समीकरण को सत्यापित करें।
पृष्ठभूमि
The vapor pressure of a liquid increases exponentially with temperature. By measuring the temperature at which water boils under different reduced pressures (or measuring vapor pressure at different temperatures), the enthalpy of vaporization can be determined from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
सुरक्षा चेतावनियाँ
- Handle vacuum apparatus carefully — implosion risk with glass
- Hot water can cause burns
- Use proper vacuum-rated glassware only
आवश्यक PPE
सामग्री
-
Distilled water (200 mL)
-
Ice (500 g)For cold water bath
उपकरण
प्रक्रिया
Set up the flask with water, thermometer, and pressure gauge. Connect to the vacuum pump.
Heat the water to 80°C. Record the temperature and vapor pressure.
Reduce pressure with the vacuum pump. Note the temperature at which boiling begins.
Record at least 8 temperature-pressure data points from 40°C to 100°C.
Plot ln(P) vs 1/T(K). The slope = -ΔHvap/R.
Calculate ΔHvap from the slope. Compare with the literature value of 40.7 kJ/mol.
अपेक्षित परिणाम
The ln(P) vs 1/T plot should be linear with a negative slope. The calculated ΔHvap should be approximately 40-44 kJ/mol, close to the accepted value of 40.7 kJ/mol for water.
सफाई
Release vacuum slowly. Turn off heater. Drain water and dry apparatus.
विवरण
- श्रेणी
- Gas Laws
- कठिनाई
- Advanced (University)
- अवधि
- 45 मिनट
- अनुमानित लागत
- $12.00
- चरण
- 6
- सामग्री
- 2