Amide Formation (Acetic Acid + Ammonia)

CH₃COOH + NH₃ → CH₃CONH₂ + H₂O

Visão geral

Acetic acid reacts with ammonia to first form ammonium acetate, which upon strong heating loses water to form acetamide. The amide bond (C-N) is the same linkage found in proteins (peptide bonds). Direct thermal dehydration is energy-intensive; industrial methods use acyl chlorides or coupling reagents.

Participantes

Papel	Substância	Coeficiente	Estado
Reagente	Acetic Acid CH₃COOH	1	(l)
Reagente	Ammonia NH₃	1	(g)
Produto	Water H₂O	1	(l)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Every protein in your body is held together by amide (peptide) bonds, the same type of bond formed in this reaction.

Importância industrial

A formação de ligações amida é fundamental para a síntese de péptidos, o fabrico farmacêutico e a produção de nylon (poliamida).

Propriedades

Tipo: Organic
Reversível: Não
Energia: Exotérmico
ΔH: -25,0 kJ/mol
Catalisador: Heat

Reações relacionadas

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Amide Formation (Acetic Acid + Ammonia)?

The balanced equation is: CH₃COOH + NH₃ → CH₃CONH₂ + H₂O.

What type of reaction is Amide Formation (Acetic Acid + Ammonia)?

Amide Formation (Acetic Acid + Ammonia) is a organic reaction.

Is Amide Formation (Acetic Acid + Ammonia) exothermic or endothermic?

Amide Formation (Acetic Acid + Ammonia) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.

What conditions are needed for Amide Formation (Acetic Acid + Ammonia)?

This reaction requires a catalyst (Heat).