3 Li Lithium 6,941 u

Lithium

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Período
2
Grupo
1
Bloco
s-bloco
Fase (STP)
Solid

Lithium is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. It is widely used in rechargeable batteries and psychiatric medication.

Aparência: Branco prateado

About Lithium

The lightest of all metals and the least dense element that is solid at room temperature, lithium occupies atomic number 3 with an atomic mass of 6.94. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that melts at 454 K, with a single valence electron ([He] 2s1) that it readily gives up—reflected in a low electronegativity of 0.98 and a first ionization energy of 520 kJ/mol. Johan August Arfwedson identified the element in 1817. The same ease of ionization underlies lithium's dominant role in rechargeable batteries, while its salts are used in psychiatric medication. Sitting in group 1, period 2, the metal is too reactive to occur uncombined and is recovered instead from minerals and brines.

Propriedades físicas

Massa atômica 6.941 u
Densidade 0.534 g/cm³
Ponto de fusão 180.5 °C
Ponto de ebulição 1329.8 °C
Fase em STP Solid
Raio atômico 167.0 pm

Propriedades eletrônicas

Eletronegatividade 0.98
Energia de ionização 520.2 eV
Afinidade eletrônica 59.6 eV
Elétrons de valência 1

Configuração eletrônica

Configuração [He] 2s¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Lithium electron shell configuration Li 2e⁻ 1e⁻
Electron shell structure of Lithium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 1

Position in Periodic Table

Lithium position in the periodic table Li

Descoberta

Descoberto por: Johan August Arfwedson
Ano: 1817

Bloco e período

Bloco

s p d f

Período

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tabela Periódica

Lantanídeos Actinídeos

Reações envolvendo Li

Lithium-Ion Battery Discharge

LiC₆ + CoO₂ → C₆ + LiCoO₂

Electrochemical

Formation of Lithium Oxide

4Li + O₂ → 2Li₂O

Synthesis

Lithium Reacting with Water

2Li + 2H₂O → 2LiOH + H₂

Single Replacement

Hydrochloric Acid and Lithium Hydroxide

HCl + LiOH → LiCl + H₂O

Acid-Base

Electron Capture by Beryllium-7

⁷Be + e⁻ → ⁷Li + νₑ

Nuclear
Ver as 6 reações →

Compounds Containing Lithium

Lithium Hydroxide

LiOH

Lithium Fluoride

LiF

Lithium Carbonate

Li₂CO₃

Lithium Aluminum Hydride

LiAlH₄

Lithium Iron Phosphate

LiFePO₄

Lithium Cobalt Oxide

LiCoO₂

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide

LiNi₀.₃₃Mn₀.₃₃Co₀.₃₃O₂

Lithium Niobate

LiNbO₃

Mais Metal Alcalino

11 Na Sodium 19 K Potassium 37 Rb Rubidium 55 Cs Cesium 87 Fr Francium

Explore on Science FYI

MineralFYI
Spodumene

Primary lithium ore mineral

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Lithium?
Lithium (Li) is a chemical element with atomic number 3. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a metal alcalino.
What are the key properties of Lithium?
Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.941 u, density of 0.534 g/cm³, melting point of 180.5°C, boiling point of 1329.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Lithium?
The electron configuration of Lithium is [He] 2s1. It is in the s-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Lithium?
Lithium was discovered by Johan August Arfwedson in 1817.
What is the electronegativity of Lithium?
Lithium has an electronegativity of 0.98 on the Pauling scale.