Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)

CaCl₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄↓ + 2NaCl

Visão geral

Calcium chloride reacts with sodium oxalate to form a white precipitate of calcium oxalate (Ksp = 2.3 × 10⁻⁹). Calcium oxalate is the primary component of approximately 80% of kidney stones. The monohydrate form (whewellite) is thermodynamically favored and forms the hardest, most painful stones.

Participantes

Papel	Substância	Coeficiente	Estado
Reagente	Oxalic Acid C₂H₂O₄	1	(aq)
Produto	Sodium Chloride NaCl	2	(aq)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Most kidney stones are calcium oxalate crystals. Foods high in oxalate (spinach, rhubarb, almonds) can increase stone risk.

Importância industrial

A compreensão da precipitação de oxalato de cálcio é crítica em nefrologia, na ciência dos alimentos (análise de teor de oxalato) e na fabricação de cerveja (prevenção de pedra de cerveja).

Propriedades

Tipo: Precipitation
Reversível: Não
Energia: Exotérmico
ΔH: -12,0 kJ/mol

Reações relacionadas

Aluminum Hydroxide Precipitation Barium Carbonate Precipitation Barium Sulfate Precipitation Cadmium Sulfide Precipitation (Yellow) Calcium Fluoride Precipitation (Fluorite) Calcium Phosphate Precipitation (Bone Mineral) Chromium(III) Hydroxide Precipitation Lead Carbonate Precipitation Lead Chloride Precipitation Iron(III) Hydroxide Precipitation

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)?

The balanced equation is: CaCl₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄↓ + 2NaCl.

What type of reaction is Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones)?

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) is a precipitation reaction.

Is Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) exothermic or endothermic?

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation (Kidney Stones) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -12.0 kJ/mol.