Dehydration of Ethanol

C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O

Visão geral

Ethanol is dehydrated to ethylene by concentrated sulfuric acid at 170 C or by passing over heated alumina. This elimination reaction removes water from adjacent carbon atoms to form the C=C double bond. At lower temperatures (140 C), diethyl ether forms instead via intermolecular dehydration.

Participantes

Papel Substância Coeficiente Estado
Reagente Ethanol C₂H₅OH 1 (l)
Produto Ethylene C₂H₄ 1 (g)
Produto Water H₂O 1 (l)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Brazil produces bio-ethylene from sugarcane ethanol using this dehydration, making green polyethylene for sustainable packaging.

Importância industrial

A desidratação do etanol sobre alumina é utilizada para produzir etileno a partir de bioetanol, como alternativa renovável ao etileno derivado do petróleo para a síntese de polietileno.

Propriedades

Tipo
Organic
Reversível
Sim
Energia
Endotérmico
ΔH
44,0 kJ/mol
Catalisador
Concentrated H₂SO₄ or Al₂O₃

Reações relacionadas

Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6) Cope Rearrangement Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Dehydration of Ethanol?
The balanced equation is: C₂H₅OH → C₂H₄ + H₂O.
What type of reaction is Dehydration of Ethanol?
Dehydration of Ethanol is a organic reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Dehydration of Ethanol exothermic or endothermic?
Dehydration of Ethanol is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 44.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Dehydration of Ethanol?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Concentrated H₂SO₄ or Al₂O₃).