Saponification (Fat + NaOH)

fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)

Visão geral

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.

Participantes

Papel	Substância	Coeficiente	Estado
Reagente	Sodium Hydroxide NaOH	3	(aq)
Produto	Glycerol C₃H₈O₃	1	(l)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.

Importância industrial

A indústria global de sabão produz mais de 25 milhões de toneladas anualmente. O subproduto glicerol é utilizado em produtos farmacêuticos, cosméticos e processamento alimentar.

Propriedades

Tipo: Organic
Reversível: Não
Energia: Exotérmico
ΔH: -25,0 kJ/mol

Reações relacionadas

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?

The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).

What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?

Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.

Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?

Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.