Saponification (Fat + NaOH)
fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)
Visão geral
Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.
Participantes
| Papel | Substância | Coeficiente | Estado |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reagente | Sodium Hydroxide NaOH | 3 | (aq) |
| Produto | Glycerol C₃H₈O₃ | 1 | (l) |
Exemplo do cotidiano
Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.
Importância industrial
A indústria global de sabão produz mais de 25 milhões de toneladas anualmente. O subproduto glicerol é utilizado em produtos farmacêuticos, cosméticos e processamento alimentar.
Propriedades
- Tipo
- Organic
- Reversível
- Não
- Energia
- Exotérmico
- ΔH
- -25,0 kJ/mol
Reações relacionadas
Swern Oxidation
Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate)
Kolbe Electrolysis
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime)
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene
Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6)
Cope Rearrangement
Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).
What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.
Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.