79 Au Gold 196.97 u

Gold

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Period
6
Group
11
Block
d-block
Phase (STP)
Solid

Gold is a highly valued precious metal prized for its beauty and resistance to corrosion. It is used in jewelry, electronics, and as a monetary standard.

About Gold

Gold (Au) has been treasured across human cultures for its enduring luster and resistance to corrosion. Element 79 lies in group 11 of period 6 in the d-block, with an atomic mass of 196.97, the electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹, and the highest electronegativity in its group at 2.54. Chemically inert, gold neither tarnishes nor rusts, which preserves its brilliance indefinitely and underlies its historic role as a monetary standard. Beyond coinage and jewelry, its excellent conductivity and reliability make it essential in electronic connectors and microcircuitry. A soft, dense, yellow metal, gold is solid at standard conditions.

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 196.97 u
Phase at STP Solid

Electronic Properties

Electronegativity 2.54

Electron Configuration

Configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Gold electron shell configuration Au 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 32e⁻ 18e⁻ 1e⁻
Electron shell structure of Gold — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 32
5 (O) 18
6 (P) 1

Position in Periodic Table

Gold position in the periodic table Au

Block & Period

Block

s p d f

Period

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periodic Table

Lanthanides Actinides

Reactions Involving Au

Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold

Au + 3HCl + HNO₃ → HAuCl₄ + NO + 2H₂O

Redox

More Transition Metal

21 Sc Scandium 22 Ti Titanium 23 V Vanadium 24 Cr Chromium 25 Mn Manganese 26 Fe Iron 27 Co Cobalt 28 Ni Nickel 29 Cu Copper 30 Zn Zinc

Explore on Science FYI

MineralFYI
Native Gold

Naturally occurring gold mineral

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Gold?
Gold (Au) is a chemical element with atomic number 79. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a transition metal.
What are the key properties of Gold?
Gold has an atomic mass of 196.97 u.
What is the electron configuration of Gold?
The electron configuration of Gold is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1. It is in the d-block of the periodic table.
What is the electronegativity of Gold?
Gold has an electronegativity of 2.54 on the Pauling scale.