32 Ge Germanium 72.63 u

Germanium

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Period
4
Group
14
Block
p-block
Phase (STP)
Solid

Germanium is a metalloid used in fiber optics, infrared optics, and electronics. It was one of the elements predicted by Mendeleev before its discovery.

Appearance: Grayish-white, lustrous, hard

About Germanium

A grayish-white, lustrous metalloid, germanium bridges the properties of metals and nonmetals and carries atomic number 32 with an atomic mass of 72.63. It is hard and brittle, with a density of 5.32 g/cm³ and a melting point of 1211 K. Four valence electrons ([Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2) give an electronegativity of 2.01 and a first ionization energy of 762 kJ/mol. Clemens Winkler discovered the element in 1886, one of those whose existence Mendeleev had predicted from gaps in the periodic table. Germanium is used in fiber optics, infrared optics, and electronics. It belongs to group 14, period 4.

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 72.63 u
Density 5.323 g/cm³
Melting Point 938.3 °C
Boiling Point 2832.8 °C
Phase at STP Solid
Atomic Radius 125.0 pm

Electronic Properties

Electronegativity 2.01
Ionization Energy 762.0 eV
Electron Affinity 119.0 eV
Valence Electrons 4

Electron Configuration

Configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²

Electron Shell Configuration

Germanium electron shell configuration Ge 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 4e⁻
Electron shell structure of Germanium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 4

Position in Periodic Table

Germanium position in the periodic table Ge

Discovery

Discovered by: Clemens Winkler
Year: 1886

Block & Period

Block

s p d f

Period

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periodic Table

Lanthanides Actinides

Compounds Containing Germanium

Germanium Dioxide

GeO₂

More Metalloid

5 B Boron 14 Si Silicon 33 As Arsenic 51 Sb Antimony 52 Te Tellurium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Germanium?
Germanium (Ge) is a chemical element with atomic number 32. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a metalloid.
What are the key properties of Germanium?
Germanium has an atomic mass of 72.63 u, density of 5.323 g/cm³, melting point of 938.3°C, boiling point of 2832.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Germanium?
The electron configuration of Germanium is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Germanium?
Germanium was discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886.
What is the electronegativity of Germanium?
Germanium has an electronegativity of 2.01 on the Pauling scale.