4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 u

Beryllium

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Period
2
Group
2
Block
s-block
Phase (STP)
Solid

Beryllium is a lightweight alkaline earth metal with high stiffness. It is used in aerospace materials and X-ray windows.

Appearance: White-gray metallic

About Beryllium

Isolated in principle by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1798, beryllium is a hard, white-gray alkaline earth metal with atomic number 4 and an atomic mass of 9.01. It is light yet stiff, with a density of 1.85 g/cm³ and a high melting point of 1560 K. Two valence electrons in the [He] 2s2 configuration give an electronegativity of 1.57 and a first ionization energy of 900 kJ/mol. Beryllium is transparent to X-rays, which suits it to radiation windows, and its rigidity relative to weight makes it valuable in aerospace materials. Placed in group 2, period 2, the free metal does not occur naturally and must be extracted from minerals.

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 9.0122 u
Density 1.85 g/cm³
Melting Point 1286.8 °C
Boiling Point 2468.8 °C
Phase at STP Solid
Atomic Radius 112.0 pm

Electronic Properties

Electronegativity 1.57
Ionization Energy 899.5 eV
Valence Electrons 2

Electron Configuration

Configuration [He] 2s²

Electron Shell Configuration

Beryllium electron shell configuration Be 2e⁻ 2e⁻
Electron shell structure of Beryllium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 2

Position in Periodic Table

Beryllium position in the periodic table Be

Discovery

Discovered by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Year: 1798

Block & Period

Block

s p d f

Period

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periodic Table

Lanthanides Actinides

Reactions Involving Be

Electron Capture by Beryllium-7

⁷Be + e⁻ → ⁷Li + νₑ

Nuclear

Formation of Beryllium Oxide

2Be + O₂ → 2BeO

Synthesis

Compounds Containing Beryllium

Beryllium Oxide

BeO

More Alkaline Earth Metal

12 Mg Magnesium 20 Ca Calcium 38 Sr Strontium 56 Ba Barium 88 Ra Radium

Explore on Science FYI

GemFYI
Emerald

Beryllium aluminum silicate colored by chromium
GemFYI
Aquamarine

Blue-green beryl variety
MineralFYI
Beryl

Primary beryllium mineral

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Beryllium?
Beryllium (Be) is a chemical element with atomic number 4. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a alkaline earth metal.
What are the key properties of Beryllium?
Beryllium has an atomic mass of 9.0122 u, density of 1.85 g/cm³, melting point of 1286.8°C, boiling point of 2468.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Beryllium?
The electron configuration of Beryllium is [He] 2s2. It is in the s-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Beryllium?
Beryllium was discovered by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1798.
What is the electronegativity of Beryllium?
Beryllium has an electronegativity of 1.57 on the Pauling scale.