30 Zn Zinc 65.38 u

Zinc

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Period
4
Group
12
Block
d-block
Phase (STP)
Solid

Zinc is an essential trace element for all living organisms. It is widely used in galvanizing steel and in zinc-carbon batteries.

Appearance: Silver-gray

About Zinc

Widely used to protect steel from rust through galvanizing, zinc is a silver-gray transition metal of atomic number 30 and atomic mass 65.38. It has a density of 7.13 g/cm³ and a relatively low melting point of 693 K. Its [Ar] 3d10 4s2 configuration gives an electronegativity of 1.65 and a first ionization energy of 906 kJ/mol. Andreas Marggraf isolated the metal in 1746. Besides its protective coatings, zinc is used in zinc-carbon batteries and is an essential trace element for all living organisms. It rounds out the first transition series in group 12, period 4.

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 65.38 u
Density 7.134 g/cm³
Melting Point 419.5 °C
Boiling Point 906.9 °C
Phase at STP Solid
Atomic Radius 142.0 pm

Electronic Properties

Electronegativity 1.65
Ionization Energy 906.4 eV
Valence Electrons 12

Electron Configuration

Configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²

Electron Shell Configuration

Zinc electron shell configuration Zn 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 2e⁻
Electron shell structure of Zinc — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 2

Position in Periodic Table

Zinc position in the periodic table Zn

Discovery

Discovered by: Andreas Marggraf
Year: 1746

Block & Period

Block

s p d f

Period

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periodic Table

Lanthanides Actinides

Reactions Involving Zn

Daniell Cell (Zinc-Copper Galvanic Cell)

Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu

Electrochemical

Zinc and Copper Sulfate Displacement

Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu

Redox

Zinc Displacing Copper from Copper Sulfate

Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu

Single Replacement

Alkaline Battery Discharge

Zn + 2MnO₂ + H₂O → ZnO + 2MnOOH

Electrochemical

Cathodic Protection (Zinc Sacrificial Anode)

Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻

Electrochemical
View all 14 reactions →

Compounds Containing Zinc

Zinc Chloride

ZnCl₂

Zinc Oxide

ZnO

Zinc Sulfate

ZnSO₄

Zinc Sulfide

ZnS

More Transition Metal

21 Sc Scandium 22 Ti Titanium 23 V Vanadium 24 Cr Chromium 25 Mn Manganese 26 Fe Iron 27 Co Cobalt 28 Ni Nickel 29 Cu Copper 39 Y Yttrium

Explore on Science FYI

AlloyFYI
Aluminum 7075

Zinc is the primary strengthening element in 7075

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Zinc?
Zinc (Zn) is a chemical element with atomic number 30. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a transition metal.
What are the key properties of Zinc?
Zinc has an atomic mass of 65.38 u, density of 7.134 g/cm³, melting point of 419.5°C, boiling point of 906.9°C.
What is the electron configuration of Zinc?
The electron configuration of Zinc is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. It is in the d-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Zinc?
Zinc was discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746.
What is the electronegativity of Zinc?
Zinc has an electronegativity of 1.65 on the Pauling scale.