11 Na Sodium 22.99 u

Sodium

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Period
3
Group
1
Block
s-block
Phase (STP)
Solid

Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal essential for biological function. Its compound sodium chloride (table salt) is vital for life.

Appearance: Silvery-white metallic

About Sodium

Highly reactive and soft enough to cut with a knife, sodium is a silvery-white alkali metal that must be kept away from air and water. It has atomic number 11 and an atomic mass of 22.99, melting at a low 371 K. A lone valence electron ([Ne] 3s1) is easily lost, giving an electronegativity of 0.93 and a first ionization energy of 496 kJ/mol. Humphry Davy first isolated the metal in 1807. Sodium is essential to biological function, and its compound sodium chloride—common table salt—is vital to life. Because of its reactivity it never appears free in nature. The element belongs to group 1, period 3.

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 22.99 u
Density 0.971 g/cm³
Melting Point 97.8 °C
Boiling Point 882.9 °C
Phase at STP Solid
Atomic Radius 190.0 pm

Electronic Properties

Electronegativity 0.93
Ionization Energy 495.8 eV
Electron Affinity 52.8 eV
Valence Electrons 1

Electron Configuration

Configuration [Ne] 3s¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Sodium electron shell configuration Na 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 1e⁻
Electron shell structure of Sodium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 1

Position in Periodic Table

Sodium position in the periodic table Na

Discovery

Discovered by: Humphry Davy
Year: 1807

Block & Period

Block

s p d f

Period

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periodic Table

Lanthanides Actinides

Reactions Involving Na

Barium Sulfate Precipitation

BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄↓ + 2NaCl

Precipitation

Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis

2NaCl + 2H₂O → Cl₂ + 2NaOH + H₂

Electrochemical

Decomposition of Sodium Azide (Airbag Reaction)

2NaN₃ → 2Na + 3N₂

Decomposition

Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Neutralization

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

Acid-Base

Saponification (Fat + NaOH)

fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (so…

Organic
View all 85 reactions →

Compounds Containing Sodium

Congo Red

C₃₂H₂₂N₆Na₂O₆S₂

Monosodium Citrate

C₆H₇NaO₇

Monosodium Glutamate

C₅H₈NNaO₄

Monosodium Phosphate

NaH₂PO₄

Sodium Acetate

CH₃COONa

Sodium Aluminate

NaAlO₂

Sodium Azide

NaN₃

Sodium Benzoate

C₇H₅NaO₂

Sodium Bicarbonate

NaHCO₃

Sodium Borohydride

NaBH₄

Sodium Borohydride in NaOH

NaBH₄/NaOH

Sodium Bromide

NaBr

More Alkali Metal

3 Li Lithium 19 K Potassium 37 Rb Rubidium 55 Cs Cesium 87 Fr Francium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Sodium?
Sodium (Na) is a chemical element with atomic number 11. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a alkali metal.
What are the key properties of Sodium?
Sodium has an atomic mass of 22.99 u, density of 0.971 g/cm³, melting point of 97.8°C, boiling point of 882.9°C.
What is the electron configuration of Sodium?
The electron configuration of Sodium is [Ne] 3s1. It is in the s-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Sodium?
Sodium was discovered by Humphry Davy in 1807.
What is the electronegativity of Sodium?
Sodium has an electronegativity of 0.93 on the Pauling scale.