7 N Nitrogen 14.007 u

Nitrogen

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Period
2
Group
15
Block
p-block
Phase (STP)
Gas

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere. It is essential for life as a component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA.

Appearance: Colorless gas

About Nitrogen

Making up roughly 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the air yet chemically retiring under ordinary conditions. This nonmetal of atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.007 is a colorless gas that liquefies at 77 K. Five valence electrons ([He] 2s2 2p3) give it a high electronegativity of 3.04 and a first ionization energy of 1402 kJ/mol, and the strong triple bond of the N₂ molecule accounts for its inertness. Daniel Rutherford described the gas in 1772. Despite that stability, nitrogen is indispensable to life as a component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA. It belongs to group 15, period 2.

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 14.007 u
Density 0.0012506 g/cm³
Melting Point -210.0 °C
Boiling Point -195.8 °C
Phase at STP Gas
Atomic Radius 75.0 pm

Electronic Properties

Electronegativity 3.04
Ionization Energy 1402.3 eV
Electron Affinity -7.0 eV
Valence Electrons 5

Electron Configuration

Configuration [He] 2s² 2p³

Electron Shell Configuration

Nitrogen electron shell configuration N 2e⁻ 5e⁻
Electron shell structure of Nitrogen — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 5

Position in Periodic Table

Nitrogen position in the periodic table N

Discovery

Discovered by: Daniel Rutherford
Year: 1772

Block & Period

Block

s p d f

Period

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periodic Table

Lanthanides Actinides

Reactions Involving N

Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid

NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

Acid-Base

Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold

Au + 3HCl + HNO₃ → HAuCl₄ + NO + 2H₂O

Redox

Beta Decay of Carbon-14

¹⁴C → ¹⁴N + e⁻ + ν̄ₑ

Nuclear

Boron Trifluoride and Ammonia (Lewis Acid-Base)

BF₃ + NH₃ → BF₃·NH₃

Acid-Base

Decomposition of Sodium Azide (Airbag Reaction)

2NaN₃ → 2Na + 3N₂

Decomposition
View all 47 reactions →

Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Acetamide

C₂H₅NO

Acetonitrile

C₂H₃N

Acrylamide

C₃H₅NO

Acrylonitrile

C₃H₃N

Adenine

C₅H₅N₅

Adenosine Triphosphate

C₁₀H₁₆N₅O₁₃P₃

Alanine

C₃H₇NO₂

Aluminum Nitride

AlN

Ammonia

NH₃

Ammonium Bicarbonate

NH₄HCO₃

Ammonium Chloride

NH₄Cl

Ammonium Nitrate

NH₄NO₃

More Nonmetal

1 H Hydrogen 6 C Carbon 8 O Oxygen 15 P Phosphorus 16 S Sulfur 34 Se Selenium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Nitrogen?
Nitrogen (N) is a chemical element with atomic number 7. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a nonmetal.
What are the key properties of Nitrogen?
Nitrogen has an atomic mass of 14.007 u, density of 0.0012506 g/cm³, melting point of -210.0°C, boiling point of -195.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Nitrogen?
The electron configuration of Nitrogen is [He] 2s2 2p3. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Nitrogen?
Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772.
What is the electronegativity of Nitrogen?
Nitrogen has an electronegativity of 3.04 on the Pauling scale.