Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)

2NaCl → 2Na + Cl2

Aperçu

The Downs process electrolyzes molten NaCl at about 600°C (lowered from 801°C by adding CaCl₂) to produce sodium metal at the cathode and chlorine gas at the anode. A cylindrical iron cathode surrounds a graphite anode, with an iron screen separating products. This is the primary industrial method for producing metallic sodium.

Participants

Rôle Substance Coefficient État
Réactif Sodium Chloride NaCl 2 (l)
Produit Sodium Na 2 (l)

Exemple du quotidien

Sodium metal produced by this process is used to make sodium vapor street lights that give a characteristic yellow glow.

Importance industrielle

The Downs process produces metallic sodium used in the manufacture of sodium peroxide, sodium hydride, and as a coolant in fast breeder nuclear reactors.

Propriétés

Type
Electrochemical
Réversible
Non
Énergie
Endothermique
ΔH
822,0 kJ/mol
Catalyseur
CaCl₂ (melting point depressant)

Réactions associées

Electrolysis of Water Electrolytic Production of Chlorate Electrorefining of Copper Alkaline Battery Discharge Anodizing of Aluminum Cathodic Protection (Zinc Sacrificial Anode) Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis Chrome Electroplating Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to CO

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)?
The balanced equation is: 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl₂.
What type of reaction is Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)?
Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process) is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 822.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (CaCl₂ (melting point depressant)).