17 Cl Chlorine 35,45 u

Chlorine

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Période
3
Groupe
17
Bloc
p-bloc
Phase (STP)
Gas

Chlorine is a highly reactive halogen used extensively in water purification. It is the second lightest halogen and an essential element for life.

Apparence: Pale yellow-green gas

About Chlorine

A pale yellow-green gas with a sharp odor, chlorine is among the most reactive of the halogens and is used the world over to purify water. It has atomic number 17 and an atomic mass of 35.45, condensing to a liquid at 239 K. Seven valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p5) leave it one short of a stable octet, producing a high electronegativity of 3.16 and a first ionization energy of 1251 kJ/mol. Carl Wilhelm Scheele first produced the gas in 1774. Though hazardous in concentrated form, chlorine is essential to life as the chloride ion. It is the second lightest halogen and sits in group 17, period 3.

Propriétés physiques

Masse atomique 35.45 u
Densité 0.003214 g/cm³
Point de fusion -101.5 °C
Point d'ébullition -34.0 °C
Phase à STP Gas
Rayon atomique 79.0 pm

Propriétés électroniques

Électronégativité 3.16
Énergie d'ionisation 1251.2 eV
Affinité électronique 349.0 eV
Électrons de valence 7

Configuration électronique

Configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵

Electron Shell Configuration

Chlorine electron shell configuration Cl 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 7e⁻
Electron shell structure of Chlorine — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 7

Position in Periodic Table

Chlorine position in the periodic table Cl

Découverte

Découvert par: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Année: 1774

Bloc et période

Bloc

s p d f

Période

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tableau périodique

Lanthanides Actinides

Réactions impliquant Cl

Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis

2NaCl + 2H₂O → Cl₂ + 2NaOH + H₂

Electrochemical

Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold

Au + 3HCl + HNO₃ → HAuCl₄ + NO + 2H₂O

Redox

Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid

NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

Acid-Base

Barium Sulfate Precipitation

BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄↓ + 2NaCl

Precipitation

Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Neutralization

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

Acid-Base
Voir les 73 réactions →

Compounds Containing Chlorine

Dichloromethane

CH₂Cl₂

Barium Chloride

BaCl₂

Cerium(III) Chloride

CeCl₃

Hypochlorous Acid

HClO

Chloric Acid

HClO₃

Copper(II) Chloride

CuCl₂

Chlorous Acid

HClO₂

Calcium Chloride

CaCl₂

Chloroform

CHCl₃

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl

Perchloric Acid

HClO₄

Ammonium Chloride

NH₄Cl

Plus de Halogène

9 F Fluorine 35 Br Bromine 53 I Iodine 85 At Astatine

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Chlorine?
Chlorine (Cl) is a chemical element with atomic number 17. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a halogène.
What are the key properties of Chlorine?
Chlorine has an atomic mass of 35.45 u, density of 0.003214 g/cm³, melting point of -101.5°C, boiling point of -34.0°C.
What is the electron configuration of Chlorine?
The electron configuration of Chlorine is [Ne] 3s2 3p5. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Chlorine?
Chlorine was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774.
What is the electronegativity of Chlorine?
Chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.16 on the Pauling scale.