98 Cf Californium 251,0 u

Californium

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Période
7
Groupe
—
Bloc
f-bloc
Phase (STP)
Solid

Californium is a strong neutron emitter used in nuclear reactor startup and moisture gauges. It is one of the most expensive substances on Earth.

About Californium

Californium is among the most expensive substances ever prepared, a consequence of the reactor time and processing needed to accumulate even microgram quantities. The element holds atomic number 98 and a relative atomic mass of 251.0, with the configuration [Rn] 5f10 7s2 and an electronegativity of 1.3, and it is a solid at standard temperature and pressure. What distinguishes it from its neighbours is the intensity with which it emits neutrons through spontaneous fission. That single property supports its two working applications: starting up nuclear reactors, where a reliable neutron source is required to initiate a controlled chain reaction, and moisture gauges, in which neutrons scattered by hydrogen reveal water content in soil or industrial material.

Propriétés physiques

Masse atomique 251.0 u
Phase à STP Solid

Propriétés électroniques

Électronégativité 1.3

Configuration électronique

Configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²

Electron Shell Configuration

Californium electron shell configuration Cf 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 32e⁻ 28e⁻ 8e⁻ 2e⁻
Electron shell structure of Californium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 32
5 (O) 28
6 (P) 8
7 (Q) 2

Position in Periodic Table

Californium position in the periodic table Cf

Bloc et période

Bloc

s p d f

Période

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tableau périodique

Lanthanides Actinides

Plus de Actinide

89 Ac Actinium 90 Th Thorium 91 Pa Protactinium 92 U Uranium 93 Np Neptunium 94 Pu Plutonium 95 Am Americium 96 Cm Curium 97 Bk Berkelium 99 Es Einsteinium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Californium?
Californium (Cf) is a chemical element with atomic number 98. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a actinide.
What are the key properties of Californium?
Californium has an atomic mass of 251.0 u.
What is the electron configuration of Californium?
The electron configuration of Californium is [Rn] 5f10 7s2. It is in the f-block of the periodic table.
What is the electronegativity of Californium?
Californium has an electronegativity of 1.3 on the Pauling scale.