विघटन हमेशा ऊष्माक्षेपी नहीं होता

विभिन्न लवण विघटनों के तापमान परिवर्तनों की तुलना

Thermochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 25 मिनट ~$8.00

उद्देश्य

यह दिखाने के लिए कि विघटन ऊष्माक्षेपी या ऊष्माशोषी हो सकता है, विभिन्न लवणों (NaOH, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃) की विघटन एन्थैल्पी की तुलना करें।

पृष्ठभूमि

Students often assume dissolving always releases heat. This experiment tests four salts: NaOH and CaCl₂ dissolve exothermically (temperature rises), while NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ dissolve endothermically (temperature drops). The results illustrate that lattice energy vs hydration energy determines the sign of ΔH.

सुरक्षा चेतावनियाँ

  • NaOH is extremely corrosive
  • NH₄NO₃ is an oxidizer
  • Wear goggles and gloves

आवश्यक PPE

goggles gloves

सामग्री

  • Sodium hydroxide pellets (10 g)
    Exothermic
  • Calcium chloride (10 g)
    Exothermic
  • Ammonium nitrate (10 g)
    Endothermic
  • Potassium nitrate (10 g)
    Endothermic
  • Distilled water (400 mL)

उपकरण

4 polystyrene cups Thermometer Stirring rod Analytical balance

प्रक्रिया

1

Add 100 mL water to each of four labeled cups. Record the initial temperature of each.

5 मिनट
2

Add 10 g NaOH to cup 1. Stir and record the maximum temperature.

3 मिनट Very exothermic — NaOH is corrosive
3

Add 10 g CaCl₂ to cup 2. Stir and record the maximum temperature.

3 मिनट
4

Add 10 g NH₄NO₃ to cup 3. Stir and record the minimum temperature.

3 मिनट
5

Add 10 g KNO₃ to cup 4. Stir and record the minimum temperature.

3 मिनट
6

Create a table ranking the salts from most exothermic to most endothermic.

3 मिनट
7

Discuss why some dissolve exothermically and others endothermically (lattice energy vs hydration energy).

5 मिनट

अपेक्षित परिणाम

NaOH: +15-20°C rise. CaCl₂: +10-15°C rise. NH₄NO₃: -15-20°C drop. KNO₃: -5-10°C drop. Clear demonstration that dissolution can be either exothermic or endothermic.

सफाई

NaOH and CaCl₂ solutions should be neutralized before disposal. All solutions can be poured down the drain after dilution.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of विघटन हमेशा ऊष्माक्षेपी नहीं होता?
यह दिखाने के लिए कि विघटन ऊष्माक्षेपी या ऊष्माशोषी हो सकता है, विभिन्न लवणों (NaOH, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃) की विघटन एन्थैल्पी की तुलना करें।
How difficult is विघटन हमेशा ऊष्माक्षेपी नहीं होता?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 25 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for विघटन हमेशा ऊष्माक्षेपी नहीं होता?
Key safety precautions include: NaOH is extremely corrosive; NH₄NO₃ is an oxidizer; Wear goggles and gloves.
What materials are needed for विघटन हमेशा ऊष्माक्षेपी नहीं होता?
The main materials required are: Sodium hydroxide pellets, Calcium chloride, Ammonium nitrate, Potassium nitrate, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from विघटन हमेशा ऊष्माक्षेपी नहीं होता?
NaOH: +15-20°C rise. CaCl₂: +10-15°C rise. NH₄NO₃: -15-20°C drop. KNO₃: -5-10°C drop. Clear demonstration that dissolution can be either exothermic or endothermic.