हेस के नियम का सत्यापन
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तीन अभिक्रियाओं का उपयोग करके पुष्टि करना कि एन्थैल्पी एक अवस्था फलन है
उद्देश्य
तीन संबंधित अभिक्रियाओं की एन्थैल्पी परिवर्तन मापकर और ΔH1 + ΔH2 = ΔH3 दिखाकर हेस के नियम को सत्यापित करें।
पृष्ठभूमि
Hess's law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the pathway. This is verified by measuring: (1) NaOH(s) → NaOH(aq), (2) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq), and (3) NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq). The sum ΔH1 + ΔH2 should equal ΔH3.
सुरक्षा चेतावनियाँ
- NaOH pellets are extremely corrosive and generate heat when dissolved
- HCl is corrosive
- Wear goggles and gloves throughout
आवश्यक PPE
सामग्री
-
Sodium hydroxide pellets (8 g)Anhydrous
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (150 mL)1M
-
Sodium hydroxide solution (50 mL)1M
-
Distilled water (200 mL)
उपकरण
प्रक्रिया
Reaction 1: Add 50 mL distilled water to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 2 g NaOH pellets. Stir and record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH1 for dissolution. Repeat for accuracy.
Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 50 mL 1M NaOH. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH2 for neutralization.
Reaction 3: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 2 g NaOH pellets directly. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH3 for combined dissolution + neutralization.
Compare ΔH1 + ΔH2 with ΔH3. They should be approximately equal, verifying Hess's law.
अपेक्षित परिणाम
ΔH1 (dissolution) ≈ -44 kJ/mol, ΔH2 (neutralization) ≈ -57 kJ/mol, ΔH3 (combined) ≈ -101 kJ/mol. ΔH1 + ΔH2 should equal ΔH3 within experimental error (±10%).
सफाई
Neutralize all solutions before disposal. Rinse calorimeter cups. Dry and store equipment.
विवरण
- श्रेणी
- Thermochemistry
- कठिनाई
- Advanced (University)
- अवधि
- 60 मिनट
- अनुमानित लागत
- $15.00
- चरण
- 7
- सामग्री
- 4