Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene

C2H4 + HBr → C2H5Br

Visão geral

Ethylene undergoes electrophilic addition with hydrogen bromide to form bromoethane. The pi electrons of the C=C double bond attack the electrophilic hydrogen of HBr, forming a carbocation intermediate that is then attacked by bromide. For unsymmetrical alkenes, Markovnikov's rule predicts the major product.

Participantes

Papel Substância Coeficiente Estado
Reagente Ethylene C₂H₄ 1 (g)

Exemplo do cotidiano

This type of addition reaction is how the chemical industry converts simple alkenes from petroleum cracking into useful alkyl halides.

Importância industrial

Os haletos de alquilo produzidos por adição de HX são intermediários para produtos farmacêuticos, agroquímicos e síntese orgânica. A regra de Markovnikov é fundamental para prever a regiosseletividade em reações de adição.

Propriedades

Tipo
Organic
Reversível
Não
Energia
Exotérmico
ΔH
-53,0 kJ/mol

Reações relacionadas

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene?
The balanced equation is: C₂H₄ + HBr → C₂H₅Br.
What type of reaction is Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene?
Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene is a organic reaction.
Is Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene exothermic or endothermic?
Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -53.0 kJ/mol.