Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

Visão geral

The Haber-Bosch process combines nitrogen from the atmosphere with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. This reversible reaction requires high temperatures (400-500 C) and pressures (150-300 atm) along with an iron catalyst. It is arguably the most important industrial chemical reaction ever developed.

Participantes

Papel Substância Coeficiente Estado
Reagente Nitrogen N 1 (g)
Reagente Hydrogen H 3 (g)
Produto Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Fertilizers that feed roughly half the world's population are produced from ammonia made by this process.

Importância industrial

O processo Haber-Bosch produz mais de 150 milhões de toneladas de amoníaco anualmente, essencial para fertilizantes que alimentam metade da população mundial. É responsável por cerca de 1-2% do consumo energético mundial.

Propriedades

Tipo
Synthesis
Reversível
Sim
Energia
Exotérmico
ΔH
-92,4 kJ/mol
Ea
230,0 kJ/mol
Catalisador
Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters

Diagrama de perfil de energia

Energia Progresso da reação ΔH -92,4 kJ Eₐ 230,0 kJ Reagentes Produtos

Reação exotérmica — energia é liberada

Reações relacionadas

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
The balanced equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
What type of reaction is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -92.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters) and activation energy of 230.0 kJ/mol.