Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene
C6H6 + CH3Cl → C6H5CH3 + HCl
Visão geral
Benzene reacts with chloromethane in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst to form toluene and HCl. AlCl₃ generates the electrophilic CH₃⁺ (or a complex equivalent) that attacks the electron-rich benzene ring. This electrophilic aromatic substitution is fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry.
Participantes
| Papel | Substância | Coeficiente | Estado |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reagente | Benzene C₆H₆ | 1 | (l) |
| Produto | Hydrochloric Acid HCl | 1 | (g) |
Exemplo do cotidiano
Toluene is a common solvent found in paint thinners, adhesives, and is the precursor to TNT (trinitrotoluene).
Importância industrial
A alquilação de Friedel-Crafts é utilizada para sintetizar etilbenzeno (precursor do estireno e poliestireno) e cumeno (precursor da acetona e fenol), ambos em escala de milhões de toneladas por ano.
Propriedades
- Tipo
- Organic
- Reversível
- Não
- Energia
- Exotérmico
- ΔH
- -78,0 kJ/mol
- Catalisador
- AlCl₃
Reações relacionadas
Swern Oxidation
Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate)
Kolbe Electrolysis
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime)
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene
Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6)
Cope Rearrangement
Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?
The balanced equation is: C₆H₆ + CH₃Cl → C₆H₅CH₃ + HCl.
What type of reaction is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene is a organic reaction.
Is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene exothermic or endothermic?
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -78.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?
This reaction requires a catalyst (AlCl₃).