Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene

C6H6 + CH3Cl → C6H5CH3 + HCl

Visão geral

Benzene reacts with chloromethane in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst to form toluene and HCl. AlCl₃ generates the electrophilic CH₃⁺ (or a complex equivalent) that attacks the electron-rich benzene ring. This electrophilic aromatic substitution is fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry.

Participantes

Papel Substância Coeficiente Estado
Reagente Benzene C₆H₆ 1 (l)
Produto Hydrochloric Acid HCl 1 (g)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Toluene is a common solvent found in paint thinners, adhesives, and is the precursor to TNT (trinitrotoluene).

Importância industrial

A alquilação de Friedel-Crafts é utilizada para sintetizar etilbenzeno (precursor do estireno e poliestireno) e cumeno (precursor da acetona e fenol), ambos em escala de milhões de toneladas por ano.

Propriedades

Tipo
Organic
Reversível
Não
Energia
Exotérmico
ΔH
-78,0 kJ/mol
Catalisador
AlCl₃

Reações relacionadas

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?
The balanced equation is: C₆H₆ + CH₃Cl → C₆H₅CH₃ + HCl.
What type of reaction is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene is a organic reaction.
Is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene exothermic or endothermic?
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -78.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?
This reaction requires a catalyst (AlCl₃).