Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
Visão geral
Methane undergoes free radical substitution with chlorine in the presence of UV light or heat. The mechanism involves initiation (Cl₂ → 2Cl·), propagation (Cl· + CH₄ → CH₃· + HCl, CH₃· + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + Cl·), and termination. Further substitution can produce CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, and CCl₄.
Participantes
| Papel | Substância | Coeficiente | Estado |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reagente | Methane CH₄ | 1 | (g) |
| Reagente | Chlorine Cl | 1 | (g) |
| Produto | Hydrochloric Acid HCl | 1 | (g) |
Exemplo do cotidiano
Chloroform (CHCl₃), historically used as an anesthetic, is produced by multiple chlorination of methane.
Importância industrial
O clorometano (CH₃Cl) é utilizado como agente metilante e refrigerante. O diclorometano é amplamente usado como solvente. O clorofórmio (CHCl₃) e o tetracloreto de carbono (CCl₄) são produzidos em etapas subsequentes de cloração.
Propriedades
- Tipo
- Organic
- Reversível
- Não
- Energia
- Exotérmico
- ΔH
- -98,0 kJ/mol
- Catalisador
- UV light or heat
Reações relacionadas
Swern Oxidation
Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate)
Kolbe Electrolysis
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime)
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene
Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6)
Cope Rearrangement
Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?
The balanced equation is: CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl.
What type of reaction is Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?
Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) is a organic reaction.
Is Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) exothermic or endothermic?
Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -98.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (UV light or heat).