Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)

CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl

Visão geral

Methane undergoes free radical substitution with chlorine in the presence of UV light or heat. The mechanism involves initiation (Cl₂ → 2Cl·), propagation (Cl· + CH₄ → CH₃· + HCl, CH₃· + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + Cl·), and termination. Further substitution can produce CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, and CCl₄.

Participantes

Papel	Substância	Coeficiente	Estado
Reagente	Methane CH₄	1	(g)
Reagente	Chlorine Cl	1	(g)
Produto	Hydrochloric Acid HCl	1	(g)

Exemplo do cotidiano

Chloroform (CHCl₃), historically used as an anesthetic, is produced by multiple chlorination of methane.

Importância industrial

O clorometano (CH₃Cl) é utilizado como agente metilante e refrigerante. O diclorometano é amplamente usado como solvente. O clorofórmio (CHCl₃) e o tetracloreto de carbono (CCl₄) são produzidos em etapas subsequentes de cloração.

Propriedades

Tipo: Organic
Reversível: Não
Energia: Exotérmico
ΔH: -98,0 kJ/mol
Catalisador: UV light or heat

Reações relacionadas

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?

The balanced equation is: CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl.

What type of reaction is Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?

Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) is a organic reaction.

Is Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) exothermic or endothermic?

Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -98.0 kJ/mol.

What conditions are needed for Halogenation of Methane (Chlorination)?

This reaction requires a catalyst (UV light or heat).