Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)
2NaCl → 2Na + Cl2
Overview
The Downs process electrolyzes molten NaCl at about 600°C (lowered from 801°C by adding CaCl₂) to produce sodium metal at the cathode and chlorine gas at the anode. A cylindrical iron cathode surrounds a graphite anode, with an iron screen separating products. This is the primary industrial method for producing metallic sodium.
Participants
| Role | Substance | Coefficient | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactant | Sodium Chloride NaCl | 2 | (l) |
| Product | Sodium Na | 2 | (l) |
Everyday Example
Sodium metal produced by this process is used to make sodium vapor street lights that give a characteristic yellow glow.
Industrial Importance
The Downs process produces metallic sodium used in the manufacture of sodium peroxide, sodium hydride, and as a coolant in fast breeder nuclear reactors.
Properties
- Type
- Electrochemical
- Reversible
- No
- Energy
- Endothermic
- ΔH
- 822.0 kJ/mol
- Catalyst
- CaCl₂ (melting point depressant)
Related Reactions
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)?
The balanced equation is: 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl₂.
What type of reaction is Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)?
Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process) is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 822.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Electrolysis of Molten NaCl (Downs Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (CaCl₂ (melting point depressant)).