Industrial Applications of Chemistry
80 real-world industrial processes powered by chemistry
Hydrogen Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Electrochemistry
Generating electricity from hydrogen with only water as exhaust
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) convert hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity and water through electrochemical reactions, achieving 50-60% …
PEM Water Electrolysis for Green Hydrogen
Splitting water with renewable electricity for zero-carbon fuel
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis splits water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. …
Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Using microorganisms to clean up oil spills and fuel leaks
Bioremediation uses naturally occurring or bioaugmented microorganisms to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil and groundwater. Indigenous bacteria (Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, …
Ozone Water Treatment and Advanced Oxidation
The powerful oxidant for micropollutant destruction
Ozone (O3) treatment is used in drinking water disinfection and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to destroy micropollutants including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, …
Carbon Fiber Manufacturing from Polyacrylonitrile
Aerospace-grade material ten times stronger than steel
Carbon fiber is produced by the controlled thermal conversion of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fiber through oxidation, carbonization, and graphitization steps. …
Kevlar (Poly-p-phenylene Terephthalamide) Fiber Production
The aramid fiber five times stronger than steel by weight
Kevlar is a para-aramid fiber produced by the polycondensation of p-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride in solution, followed by dry-jet wet …
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis for Synthetic Fuels
Converting syngas into liquid hydrocarbons
Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis converts synthesis gas (CO + H₂) into liquid hydrocarbons, producing synthetic fuels and waxes from coal, natural …