Industrial Applications of Chemistry
80 real-world industrial processes powered by chemistry
Activated Carbon Adsorption for Water and Air Purification
Nature's most versatile adsorbent material
Activated carbon is produced by thermal or chemical activation of carbonaceous materials (coconut shell, coal, wood) to create an extremely …
Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Using microorganisms to clean up oil spills and fuel leaks
Bioremediation uses naturally occurring or bioaugmented microorganisms to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil and groundwater. Indigenous bacteria (Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, …
Flue Gas Desulfurization (Wet Limestone Scrubbing)
Removing SO2 from power plant exhaust to prevent acid rain
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) removes sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plant exhaust using limestone or lime slurry scrubbing. The wet …
Heavy Metal Precipitation from Industrial Wastewater
Removing toxic metals from wastewater by chemical precipitation
Chemical precipitation is the most widely used method for removing dissolved heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd) from …
Ion Exchange Water Softening and Deionization
Swapping unwanted ions for purified water
Ion exchange (IX) is a reversible chemical process where dissolved ions in water are exchanged for similarly charged ions on …
Municipal Water Chlorination and Disinfection
The public health intervention that saved millions of lives
Water chlorination is the most widely used method for disinfecting municipal drinking water, credited with virtually eliminating waterborne diseases such …
Ozone Water Treatment and Advanced Oxidation
The powerful oxidant for micropollutant destruction
Ozone (O3) treatment is used in drinking water disinfection and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to destroy micropollutants including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, …
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination
Producing fresh water from the ocean using polymer membrane chemistry
Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination forces seawater or brackish water through semi-permeable thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes at high pressure to …