24 Cr Chromium 51,996 u

Chromium

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الدورة
4
المجموعة
6
الكتلة
d-كتلة
الطور (STP)
Solid

Chromium is a hard, lustrous transition metal prized for its mirror finish. It is essential in stainless steel production and chrome plating.

المظهر: Silvery metallic

About Chromium

Isolated by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1797, chromium is a hard, lustrous transition metal of atomic number 24 and atomic mass 51.996. It has a density of 7.15 g/cm³ and a high melting point of 2180 K. Its configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s1, an exception to the expected filling order, gives an electronegativity of 1.66 and a first ionization energy of 653 kJ/mol. Chromium can take a mirror-like polish and resists tarnishing, properties central to chrome plating and, above all, to stainless steel, where it confers corrosion resistance. The metal occupies group 6, period 4, in the middle of the first transition series.

الخصائص الفيزيائية

الكتلة الذرية 51.996 u
الكثافة 7.15 g/cm³
نقطة الانصهار 1906.8 °C
نقطة الغليان 2670.8 °C
الطور عند STP Solid
نصف القطر الذري 166.0 pm

الخصائص الإلكترونية

الكهروسالبية 1.66
طاقة التأين 652.9 eV
ألفة الإلكترون 64.3 eV
إلكترونات التكافؤ 6

التوزيع الإلكتروني

التهيئة [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

Electron Shell Configuration

Chromium electron shell configuration Cr 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 13e⁻ 1e⁻
Electron shell structure of Chromium — electrons per shell.
Shell Electrons
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 13
4 (N) 1

Position in Periodic Table

Chromium position in the periodic table Cr

الاكتشاف

اكتشفه: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
السنة: 1797

الكتلة والدورة

الكتلة

s p d f

الدورة

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

الجدول الدوري

اللانثانيدات الأكتينيدات

التفاعلات المتضمنة لـ Cr

Aluminum Reducing Chromium Oxide (Aluminothermic)

2Al + Cr₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Cr

Single Replacement

Chrome Electroplating

Cr³⁺ + 3e⁻ → Cr

Electrochemical

Compounds Containing Chromium

Potassium Dichromate

K₂Cr₂O₇

Chromium(III) Oxide

Cr₂O₃

Sodium Chromate

Na₂CrO₄

Potassium Chromate

K₂CrO₄

Chromium(III) Chloride

CrCl₃

Sodium Dichromate

Na₂Cr₂O₇

Chromium Trioxide

CrO₃

المزيد من فلز انتقالي

21 Sc Scandium 22 Ti Titanium 23 V Vanadium 25 Mn Manganese 26 Fe Iron 27 Co Cobalt 28 Ni Nickel 29 Cu Copper 30 Zn Zinc 39 Y Yttrium

Explore on Science FYI

GemFYI
Ruby

Chromium gives corundum its red color
GemFYI
Emerald

Chromium creates the green color in beryl
AlloyFYI
Stainless Steel 304

18% chromium provides corrosion resistance

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Chromium?
Chromium (Cr) is a chemical element with atomic number 24. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a فلز انتقالي.
What are the key properties of Chromium?
Chromium has an atomic mass of 51.996 u, density of 7.15 g/cm³, melting point of 1906.8°C, boiling point of 2670.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Chromium?
The electron configuration of Chromium is [Ar] 3d5 4s1. It is in the d-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Chromium?
Chromium was discovered by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1797.
What is the electronegativity of Chromium?
Chromium has an electronegativity of 1.66 on the Pauling scale.