تحليل كبريتات النحاس كهربائياً
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تحليل كهربائي كمي بأقطاب نحاسية
الهدف
إجراء تحليل كهربائي كمي لمحلول كبريتات النحاس باستخدام أقطاب نحاسية والتحقق من القانون الأول لفاراداي للتحليل الكهربائي.
الخلفية
When copper sulfate solution is electrolyzed with copper electrodes, copper is deposited at the cathode and dissolved from the anode. By measuring mass changes and current, Faraday's law can be verified: the mass of substance deposited is proportional to the charge passed.
تحذيرات السلامة
- Copper sulfate is toxic if ingested
- Wear gloves when handling solutions
- Handle electrical connections with dry hands
معدات الوقاية الشخصية المطلوبة
المواد
-
Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) (200 mL)1M solution
-
Copper strips (2) (2 pieces)Similar size, sanded clean
المعدات
الإجراء
Sand both copper strips until shiny. Wash with distilled water and dry. Weigh each strip accurately on the analytical balance.
Pour 200 mL of 1M CuSO₄ into the beaker.
Connect the circuit: power supply → ammeter → anode (Cu strip) → solution → cathode (Cu strip) → power supply.
Set the power supply to give a steady current of about 0.5 A. Record the exact current.
Run the electrolysis for exactly 20 minutes, monitoring the current.
Turn off the power supply. Carefully remove both electrodes, rinse with distilled water, dry, and reweigh.
Calculate the charge passed (Q = I x t). Calculate theoretical mass deposited using Faraday's law: m = (M x Q) / (n x F). Compare with actual mass change.
النتائج المتوقعة
The cathode should gain mass and the anode should lose approximately the same mass. At 0.5 A for 20 min: Q = 600 C, theoretical mass = (63.55 x 600) / (2 x 96485) = 0.197 g. Measured value should be within 10%.
التنظيف
Dispose of copper sulfate solution in heavy metal waste. Rinse and store copper strips. Clean the beaker and equipment.
التفاصيل
- الفئة
- Electrochemistry
- الصعوبة
- Intermediate (High School)
- المدة
- 50 دقيقة
- التكلفة التقديرية
- $12,00
- الخطوات
- 7
- المواد
- 2