Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)

2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂

نظرة عامة

Alumina (Al₂O₃) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) at 960°C and electrolyzed using carbon anodes. Aluminum is deposited at the cathode and oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form CO₂. Independently invented by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult in 1886, this process reduced aluminum from a precious metal to a commodity.

المشاركون

الدور	المادة	المعامل	الحالة
متفاعل	Aluminum Oxide Al₂O₃	2	(l)
متفاعل	Carbon C	3	(s)
منتج	Carbon Dioxide CO₂	3	(g)
منتج	Aluminum Al	4	(l)

مثال من الحياة اليومية

Every piece of aluminum foil, beverage can, and airplane wing was produced by the Hall-Héroult process.

الأهمية الصناعية

Aluminum smelting produces 65 million tonnes annually and consumes about 3% of global electricity. Recycling uses only 5% of the energy.

الخصائص

النوع: Electrochemical
قابل للعكس: لا
الطاقة: ماص للحرارة
ΔH: 2168,0 kJ/mol
محفز: Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent

التفاعلات ذات الصلة

Electrolysis of Water Electrolytic Production of Chlorate Electrorefining of Copper Alkaline Battery Discharge Anodizing of Aluminum Cathodic Protection (Zinc Sacrificial Anode) Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis Chrome Electroplating Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to CO

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?

The balanced equation is: 2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂.

What type of reaction is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?

Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is a electrochemical reaction.

Is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) exothermic or endothermic?

Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 2168.0 kJ/mol.

What conditions are needed for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?

This reaction requires a catalyst (Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent).