Test de Perle de Borax pour les Ions Métalliques

Identification des métaux de transition par les perles de verre colorées formées lors d'une fusion au borax

Qualitative Analysis Intermediate (High School) 45 min ~$8,00

Objectif

Identifier les ions de métaux de transition par les couleurs caractéristiques qu'ils produisent lorsqu'ils sont fondus dans une perle de verre de borax (tétraborate de sodium).

Contexte

The borax bead test is an elegant method for identifying transition metal ions. When borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) is heated, it loses water and forms a clear glassy bead of sodium metaborate. When a metal salt is dissolved into this bead, the metal ions become trapped in the glass matrix, producing characteristic colors. The color often differs between the oxidizing flame (outer cone) and reducing flame (inner cone), providing additional diagnostic information.

Avertissements de sécurité

  • Molten borax beads are extremely hot
  • Chromium compounds are irritants — avoid dust inhalation
  • Do not touch hot beads — let cool on a watch glass
  • Cobalt compounds are toxic if ingested

EPI requis

goggles gloves lab_coat

Matériaux

  • Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) (5 g)
    Powdered
  • Metal salt samples (0.5 g each)
    CuSO₄, CoCl₂, NiCl₂, FeCl₃, MnCl₂, Cr₂O₃
  • Unknown metal salt (0.5 g)

Équipement

Platinum wire loop (or nichrome alternative) Bunsen burner Forceps Watch glasses (7)

Procédure

1

Make a small loop at the end of the platinum wire. Heat the loop in the hottest part of the flame until red-hot.

2 min Wire is very hot
2

Dip the hot wire into powdered borax. Return to the flame and heat until a clear, transparent glass bead forms. Repeat dipping and heating if needed to build up the bead.

5 min
3

Touch the hot bead to a tiny amount of CuSO₄ powder. Return to the oxidizing flame (outer cone). Observe the color (should be blue-green).

5 min
4

Now heat the same bead in the reducing flame (inner cone, blue). The color may change to red (metallic copper).

3 min
5

Make fresh beads and repeat for each metal salt. Record colors in both oxidizing and reducing flames, both hot and cold.

20 min
6

Test the unknown salt and match the bead colors to your reference chart.

10 min

Résultats attendus

Cu: blue-green (oxidizing), red (reducing). Co: deep blue (both). Ni: gray-brown (oxidizing), gray (reducing). Fe: yellow-brown (oxidizing), green (reducing). Mn: violet (oxidizing), colorless (reducing). Cr: green (both, darker in reducing).

Nettoyage

Allow all beads to cool completely. Dispose of transition metal waste appropriately. Clean the platinum wire by fusing with fresh borax until clear.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Test de Perle de Borax pour les Ions Métalliques?
Identifier les ions de métaux de transition par les couleurs caractéristiques qu'ils produisent lorsqu'ils sont fondus dans une perle de verre de borax (tétraborate de sodium).
How difficult is Test de Perle de Borax pour les Ions Métalliques?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Test de Perle de Borax pour les Ions Métalliques?
Key safety precautions include: Molten borax beads are extremely hot; Chromium compounds are irritants — avoid dust inhalation; Do not touch hot beads — let cool on a watch glass.
What materials are needed for Test de Perle de Borax pour les Ions Métalliques?
The main materials required are: Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O), Metal salt samples, Unknown metal salt.
What results should I expect from Test de Perle de Borax pour les Ions Métalliques?
Cu: blue-green (oxidizing), red (reducing). Co: deep blue (both). Ni: gray-brown (oxidizing), gray (reducing). Fe: yellow-brown (oxidizing), green (reducing). Mn: violet (oxidizing), colorless (reducing). Cr: green (both, darker in reducing).