Stœchiométrie des Gaz avec le Magnésium
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Calcul du volume molaire par réaction de Mg avec HCl
Objectif
Déterminer le volume molaire du gaz hydrogène dans les conditions ambiantes en faisant réagir une masse connue de ruban de magnésium avec un excès d'acide chlorhydrique.
Contexte
When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).
Avertissements de sécurité
- HCl is corrosive
- Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
- Handle glassware carefully
EPI requis
Matériaux
-
Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)Accurately weighed
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)2M, excess
-
Distilled water (500 mL)
Équipement
Procédure
Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.
Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.
Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.
Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.
Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.
Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.
Résultats attendus
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).
Nettoyage
Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.
Détails
- Catégorie
- Gas Laws
- Difficulté
- Intermediate (High School)
- Durée
- 40 min
- Coût estimé
- $8,00
- Étapes
- 7
- Matériaux
- 3