Stœchiométrie des Gaz avec le Magnésium

Calcul du volume molaire par réaction de Mg avec HCl

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 40 min ~$8,00

Objectif

Déterminer le volume molaire du gaz hydrogène dans les conditions ambiantes en faisant réagir une masse connue de ruban de magnésium avec un excès d'acide chlorhydrique.

Contexte

When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).

Avertissements de sécurité

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
  • Handle glassware carefully

EPI requis

goggles gloves lab_coat

Matériaux

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)
    Accurately weighed
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)
    2M, excess
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

Équipement

Eudiometer tube or graduated cylinder (50 mL) Pneumatic trough Copper wire cage Rubber stopper Analytical balance Thermometer Barometer

Procédure

1

Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.

3 min
2

Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.

3 min
3

Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.

5 min Handle acid carefully
4

Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.

10 min No flames nearby
5

Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.

3 min
6

Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

2 min
7

Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.

8 min

Résultats attendus

0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).

Nettoyage

Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Stœchiométrie des Gaz avec le Magnésium?
Déterminer le volume molaire du gaz hydrogène dans les conditions ambiantes en faisant réagir une masse connue de ruban de magnésium avec un excès d'acide chlorhydrique.
How difficult is Stœchiométrie des Gaz avec le Magnésium?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Stœchiométrie des Gaz avec le Magnésium?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Hydrogen is flammable — no flames; Handle glassware carefully.
What materials are needed for Stœchiométrie des Gaz avec le Magnésium?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Stœchiométrie des Gaz avec le Magnésium?
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).