Préparation de l'Acétaminophène (Paracétamol)
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Synthèse d'un analgésique par formation d'une liaison amide
Objectif
Synthétiser l'acétaminophène (paracétamol) par acétylation du p-aminophénol avec l'anhydride acétique, démontrant la formation de liaisons amide.
Contexte
Acetaminophen is one of the world's most widely used over-the-counter analgesics. Its synthesis involves the reaction of p-aminophenol with acetic anhydride to form an amide bond. The reaction is selective for the amine group over the phenol group under mild conditions.
Avertissements de sécurité
- Acetic anhydride is corrosive and has a strong odor
- p-Aminophenol can cause skin irritation
- Do not consume the product
- Work in a fume hood
EPI requis
Matériaux
-
p-Aminophenol (1.5 g)
-
Acetic anhydride (2 mL)Corrosive
-
Distilled water (100 mL)Ice-cold for crystallization
-
Acetone (10 mL)For recrystallization
Équipement
Procédure
Dissolve 1.5 g p-aminophenol in 15 mL distilled water in the Erlenmeyer flask. Warm gently if needed.
Add 2 mL acetic anhydride to the solution. Stir vigorously for 10 minutes.
Heat the mixture in a water bath at 70°C for 10 minutes to complete the reaction.
Cool the mixture in an ice bath until crystals form.
Collect crude product by vacuum filtration. Wash with cold water.
Recrystallize from hot water or acetone/water mixture. Cool slowly for larger crystals.
Collect purified crystals. Dry and determine melting point (pure: 168-170°C).
Calculate percent yield.
Résultats attendus
White crystalline solid with melting point 167-170°C. Typical yield is 70-85%. The product should be pure white; discoloration indicates impurities from p-aminophenol oxidation.
Nettoyage
Do not consume the product. Dispose of organic waste properly. Rinse all glassware.
Détails
- Catégorie
- Organic Synthesis
- Difficulté
- Advanced (University)
- Durée
- 80 min
- Coût estimé
- $18,00
- Étapes
- 8
- Matériaux
- 4