Synthèse de l'Huile de Banane (Acétate d'Isoamyle)

Fabrication de l'ester responsable de l'arôme de banane

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 min ~$22,00

Objectif

Synthétiser l'acétate d'isoamyle (huile de banane) par estérification de Fischer de l'acide acétique et de l'alcool isoamylique, démontrant comment les esters créent des arômes fruités.

Contexte

Isoamyl acetate is the ester responsible for the characteristic smell of bananas. It is synthesized by the acid-catalyzed reaction of isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid. This experiment demonstrates ester formation, liquid-liquid extraction, and the connection between molecular structure and sensory properties.

Avertissements de sécurité

  • Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive
  • Glacial acetic acid causes burns
  • Isoamyl alcohol is flammable
  • Work in a fume hood throughout

EPI requis

goggles gloves lab_coat

Matériaux

  • Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) (5 mL)
  • Glacial acetic acid (7 mL)
    Excess
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (1 mL)
    Concentrated, catalyst
  • Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)
    5%
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)
    Drying agent

Équipement

Round-bottom flask (100 mL) Reflux condenser Heating mantle Separating funnel Boiling chips

Procédure

1

Add 5 mL isoamyl alcohol and 7 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.

3 min Fume hood required
2

Slowly add 1 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst.

2 min Add very slowly — exothermic
3

Attach reflux condenser and heat at gentle reflux for 60 minutes.

60 min Ensure condenser water flows
4

Cool and transfer to a separating funnel. Add 25 mL water and shake.

3 min
5

Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃. Vent frequently.

5 min CO₂ produced — vent
6

Dry the organic layer over Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes. Filter and smell by wafting.

12 min Waft — do not sniff directly
7

Calculate the yield and record the banana-like aroma.

5 min

Résultats attendus

A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.

Nettoyage

Dispose of organic waste in designated containers. Neutralize acid waste. Rinse glassware with acetone then water.

Détails

Catégorie
Organic Synthesis
Difficulté
Advanced (University)
Durée
90 min
Coût estimé
$22,00
Étapes
7
Matériaux
5

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Synthèse de l'Huile de Banane (Acétate d'Isoamyle)?
Synthétiser l'acétate d'isoamyle (huile de banane) par estérification de Fischer de l'acide acétique et de l'alcool isoamylique, démontrant comment les esters créent des arômes fruités.
How difficult is Synthèse de l'Huile de Banane (Acétate d'Isoamyle)?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Synthèse de l'Huile de Banane (Acétate d'Isoamyle)?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive; Glacial acetic acid causes burns; Isoamyl alcohol is flammable.
What materials are needed for Synthèse de l'Huile de Banane (Acétate d'Isoamyle)?
The main materials required are: Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol), Glacial acetic acid, Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Sodium bicarbonate solution, Anhydrous sodium sulfate.
What results should I expect from Synthèse de l'Huile de Banane (Acétate d'Isoamyle)?
A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.