Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid

NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl

Aperçu

Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form white fumes of ammonium chloride. In aqueous solution, ammonia acts as a Brønsted base by accepting a proton from HCl. This reaction produces dense white smoke when concentrated solutions are brought near each other, one of chemistry's most dramatic demonstrations.

Participants

Rôle Substance Coefficient État
Réactif Ammonia NH₃ 1 (g)
Réactif Hydrochloric Acid HCl 1 (g)

Exemple du quotidien

The white smoke that appears when bottles of ammonia and hydrochloric acid are opened near each other demonstrates gas-phase acid-base chemistry.

Importance industrielle

Ammonium chloride is used in galvanizing flux, dry cell batteries, as a nitrogen fertilizer, and in cough medicine formulations.

Propriétés

Type
Acid-Base
Réversible
Oui
Énergie
Exothermique
ΔH
-176,0 kJ/mol

Réactions associées

Hydrochloric Acid and Barium Hydroxide Acetic Acid and Sodium Acetate Buffer System Acetic Acid Dissociation in Water Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Barium Hydroxide and Ammonium Thiocyanate (Endothermic) Carbonic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Aluminum Hydroxide as Amphoteric Acid with NaOH Aluminum Chloride and Chloride Ion (Lewis Acid-Base) Acetic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Neutralization Formic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid?
The balanced equation is: NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl.
What type of reaction is Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid?
Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid is a acid-base reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid exothermic or endothermic?
Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -176.0 kJ/mol.