Spectroscopy & Instrumentation

advanced 10 guides

Analytical instruments and spectroscopic techniques — UV-Vis, IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, and chromatography.

1

Introduction to Spectroscopy

Electromagnetic spectrum, photon energy, absorption vs emission, and Beer-Lambert law

3 min read 772 words
2

UV-Visible Spectroscopy

UV-Vis principles, chromophores, conjugation, and quantitative analysis

3 min read 793 words
3

Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques

IR absorption, functional group identification, fingerprint region, and FTIR

3 min read 781 words
4

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, 1H and 13C NMR interpretation

4 min read 832 words
5

Mass Spectrometry Techniques

EI, ESI, MALDI ionization, mass analyzers, and fragmentation patterns

3 min read 735 words
6

X-Ray Diffraction and Crystallography

Bragg diffraction, crystal structure determination, and protein crystallography

4 min read 807 words
7

Chromatography Principles

HPLC, GC, TLC — partition, adsorption, and ion-exchange chromatography

4 min read 834 words
8

Electroanalytical Techniques

Potentiometry, voltammetry, coulometry, and ion-selective electrodes

4 min read 883 words
9

Atomic Spectroscopy

AAS, AES, ICP-OES, ICP-MS — elemental analysis and detection limits

4 min read 917 words
10

Modern Analytical Techniques

Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, XPS, SEM-EDS, and hyphenated techniques

4 min read 977 words