Metal de Transição

34 elementos

Metais dos Grupos 3-12 com orbitais d parcialmente preenchidos. Exibem estados de oxidação variáveis, formam compostos coloridos e frequentemente atuam como catalisadores. Esta é a maior categoria de elementos na tabela periódica.

Propriedades principais

São sólidos à temperatura ambiente (exceto o mercúrio), com alta dureza, densidade e pontos de fusão elevados. A presença de elétrons d desemparelhados confere propriedades magnéticas e catalíticas únicas. Formam complexos de coordenação com ligantes variados, essenciais em bioquímica e indústria.

21 Solid Sc Scandium 44,956 u
MP: 1540.8 °C BP: 2835.8 °C
22 Solid Ti Titanium 47,867 u
MP: 1667.8 °C BP: 3286.8 °C
23 Solid V Vanadium 50,942 u
MP: 1909.8 °C BP: 3406.8 °C
24 Solid Cr Chromium 51,996 u
MP: 1906.8 °C BP: 2670.8 °C
25 Solid Mn Manganese 54,938 u
MP: 1245.8 °C BP: 2060.8 °C
26 Solid Fe Iron 55,845 u
MP: 1537.8 °C BP: 2860.8 °C
27 Solid Co Cobalt 58,933 u
MP: 1494.8 °C BP: 2926.8 °C
28 Solid Ni Nickel 58,693 u
MP: 1454.8 °C BP: 2729.8 °C
29 Solid Cu Copper 63,546 u
MP: 1084.6 °C BP: 2561.8 °C
30 Solid Zn Zinc 65,38 u
MP: 419.5 °C BP: 906.9 °C
39 Solid Y Yttrium 88,906 u
MP: — BP: —
40 Solid Zr Zirconium 91,224 u
MP: — BP: —
41 Solid Nb Niobium 92,906 u
MP: — BP: —
42 Solid Mo Molybdenum 95,95 u
MP: — BP: —
43 Solid Tc Technetium 97,0 u
MP: — BP: —
44 Solid Ru Ruthenium 101,07 u
MP: — BP: —
45 Solid Rh Rhodium 102,91 u
MP: — BP: —
46 Solid Pd Palladium 106,42 u
MP: — BP: —
47 Solid Ag Silver 107,87 u
MP: — BP: —
48 Solid Cd Cadmium 112,41 u
MP: — BP: —
72 Solid Hf Hafnium 178,49 u
MP: — BP: —
73 Solid Ta Tantalum 180,95 u
MP: — BP: —
74 Solid W Tungsten 183,84 u
MP: — BP: —
75 Solid Re Rhenium 186,21 u
MP: — BP: —
76 Solid Os Osmium 190,23 u
MP: — BP: —
77 Solid Ir Iridium 192,22 u
MP: — BP: —
78 Solid Pt Platinum 195,08 u
MP: — BP: —
79 Solid Au Gold 196,97 u
MP: — BP: —
80 Liquid Hg Mercury 200,59 u
MP: — BP: —
104 Solid Rf Rutherfordium 267,0 u
MP: — BP: —
105 Solid Db Dubnium 268,0 u
MP: — BP: —
106 Solid Sg Seaborgium 269,0 u
MP: — BP: —
107 Solid Bh Bohrium 270,0 u
MP: — BP: —
108 Solid Hs Hassium 277,0 u
MP: — BP: —

Tabela comparativa

# Símbolo Nome Massa (u) Pto. fusão Pto. ebulição Densidade Fase
21 Sc Scandium 44,956 1540.8 °C 2835.8 °C 2,985 Solid
22 Ti Titanium 47,867 1667.8 °C 3286.8 °C 4,506 Solid
23 V Vanadium 50,942 1909.8 °C 3406.8 °C 6,11 Solid
24 Cr Chromium 51,996 1906.8 °C 2670.8 °C 7,15 Solid
25 Mn Manganese 54,938 1245.8 °C 2060.8 °C 7,21 Solid
26 Fe Iron 55,845 1537.8 °C 2860.8 °C 7,874 Solid
27 Co Cobalt 58,933 1494.8 °C 2926.8 °C 8,9 Solid
28 Ni Nickel 58,693 1454.8 °C 2729.8 °C 8,908 Solid
29 Cu Copper 63,546 1084.6 °C 2561.8 °C 8,96 Solid
30 Zn Zinc 65,38 419.5 °C 906.9 °C 7,134 Solid
39 Y Yttrium 88,906 — — — Solid
40 Zr Zirconium 91,224 — — — Solid
41 Nb Niobium 92,906 — — — Solid
42 Mo Molybdenum 95,95 — — — Solid
43 Tc Technetium 97,0 — — — Solid
44 Ru Ruthenium 101,07 — — — Solid
45 Rh Rhodium 102,91 — — — Solid
46 Pd Palladium 106,42 — — — Solid
47 Ag Silver 107,87 — — — Solid
48 Cd Cadmium 112,41 — — — Solid
72 Hf Hafnium 178,49 — — — Solid
73 Ta Tantalum 180,95 — — — Solid
74 W Tungsten 183,84 — — — Solid
75 Re Rhenium 186,21 — — — Solid
76 Os Osmium 190,23 — — — Solid
77 Ir Iridium 192,22 — — — Solid
78 Pt Platinum 195,08 — — — Solid
79 Au Gold 196,97 — — — Solid
80 Hg Mercury 200,59 — — — Liquid
104 Rf Rutherfordium 267,0 — — — Solid
105 Db Dubnium 268,0 — — — Solid
106 Sg Seaborgium 269,0 — — — Solid
107 Bh Bohrium 270,0 — — — Solid
108 Hs Hassium 277,0 — — — Solid