전이 금속

34 원소

d 오비탈이 부분적으로 채워진 3~12족 금속. 가변적인 산화 상태를 나타내며, 유색 화합물을 형성하고, 촉매로 자주 활용된다. 주기율표에서 가장 많은 원소를 포함하는 범주이다.

주요 성질

전이 금속은 d 오비탈의 불완전한 충전으로 인해 여러 산화 상태를 가지며, 배위 화합물에서 다양한 색을 나타냅니다. 높은 녹는점·경도·전기 전도성을 가지며, 산업용 촉매와 합금 재료로 광범위하게 활용됩니다. 철·구리·금·백금 등 문명 발달에 핵심적인 원소들이 이 범주에 속합니다.

21 Solid Sc Scandium 44.956 u
MP: 1540.8 °C BP: 2835.8 °C
22 Solid Ti Titanium 47.867 u
MP: 1667.8 °C BP: 3286.8 °C
23 Solid V Vanadium 50.942 u
MP: 1909.8 °C BP: 3406.8 °C
24 Solid Cr Chromium 51.996 u
MP: 1906.8 °C BP: 2670.8 °C
25 Solid Mn Manganese 54.938 u
MP: 1245.8 °C BP: 2060.8 °C
26 Solid Fe Iron 55.845 u
MP: 1537.8 °C BP: 2860.8 °C
27 Solid Co Cobalt 58.933 u
MP: 1494.8 °C BP: 2926.8 °C
28 Solid Ni Nickel 58.693 u
MP: 1454.8 °C BP: 2729.8 °C
29 Solid Cu Copper 63.546 u
MP: 1084.6 °C BP: 2561.8 °C
30 Solid Zn Zinc 65.38 u
MP: 419.5 °C BP: 906.9 °C
39 Solid Y Yttrium 88.906 u
MP: — BP: —
40 Solid Zr Zirconium 91.224 u
MP: — BP: —
41 Solid Nb Niobium 92.906 u
MP: — BP: —
42 Solid Mo Molybdenum 95.95 u
MP: — BP: —
43 Solid Tc Technetium 97.0 u
MP: — BP: —
44 Solid Ru Ruthenium 101.07 u
MP: — BP: —
45 Solid Rh Rhodium 102.91 u
MP: — BP: —
46 Solid Pd Palladium 106.42 u
MP: — BP: —
47 Solid Ag Silver 107.87 u
MP: — BP: —
48 Solid Cd Cadmium 112.41 u
MP: — BP: —
72 Solid Hf Hafnium 178.49 u
MP: — BP: —
73 Solid Ta Tantalum 180.95 u
MP: — BP: —
74 Solid W Tungsten 183.84 u
MP: — BP: —
75 Solid Re Rhenium 186.21 u
MP: — BP: —
76 Solid Os Osmium 190.23 u
MP: — BP: —
77 Solid Ir Iridium 192.22 u
MP: — BP: —
78 Solid Pt Platinum 195.08 u
MP: — BP: —
79 Solid Au Gold 196.97 u
MP: — BP: —
80 Liquid Hg Mercury 200.59 u
MP: — BP: —
104 Solid Rf Rutherfordium 267.0 u
MP: — BP: —
105 Solid Db Dubnium 268.0 u
MP: — BP: —
106 Solid Sg Seaborgium 269.0 u
MP: — BP: —
107 Solid Bh Bohrium 270.0 u
MP: — BP: —
108 Solid Hs Hassium 277.0 u
MP: — BP: —

비교표

# 기호 이름 질량 (u) 녹는점 끓는점 밀도 상태
21 Sc Scandium 44.956 1540.8 °C 2835.8 °C 2.985 Solid
22 Ti Titanium 47.867 1667.8 °C 3286.8 °C 4.506 Solid
23 V Vanadium 50.942 1909.8 °C 3406.8 °C 6.11 Solid
24 Cr Chromium 51.996 1906.8 °C 2670.8 °C 7.15 Solid
25 Mn Manganese 54.938 1245.8 °C 2060.8 °C 7.21 Solid
26 Fe Iron 55.845 1537.8 °C 2860.8 °C 7.874 Solid
27 Co Cobalt 58.933 1494.8 °C 2926.8 °C 8.9 Solid
28 Ni Nickel 58.693 1454.8 °C 2729.8 °C 8.908 Solid
29 Cu Copper 63.546 1084.6 °C 2561.8 °C 8.96 Solid
30 Zn Zinc 65.38 419.5 °C 906.9 °C 7.134 Solid
39 Y Yttrium 88.906 — — — Solid
40 Zr Zirconium 91.224 — — — Solid
41 Nb Niobium 92.906 — — — Solid
42 Mo Molybdenum 95.95 — — — Solid
43 Tc Technetium 97.0 — — — Solid
44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 — — — Solid
45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 — — — Solid
46 Pd Palladium 106.42 — — — Solid
47 Ag Silver 107.87 — — — Solid
48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 — — — Solid
72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 — — — Solid
73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 — — — Solid
74 W Tungsten 183.84 — — — Solid
75 Re Rhenium 186.21 — — — Solid
76 Os Osmium 190.23 — — — Solid
77 Ir Iridium 192.22 — — — Solid
78 Pt Platinum 195.08 — — — Solid
79 Au Gold 196.97 — — — Solid
80 Hg Mercury 200.59 — — — Liquid
104 Rf Rutherfordium 267.0 — — — Solid
105 Db Dubnium 268.0 — — — Solid
106 Sg Seaborgium 269.0 — — — Solid
107 Bh Bohrium 270.0 — — — Solid
108 Hs Hassium 277.0 — — — Solid