3 Li 리튬 6.941 u

리튬

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주기
2
1
블록
s-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

리튬은 가장 가벼운 금속이자 밀도가 가장 낮은 고체 원소이다. 충전지와 정신과 약물에 널리 쓰인다.

외관: 은백색

리튬 개요

The lightest of all metals and the least dense element that is solid at room temperature, lithium occupies atomic number 3 with an atomic mass of 6.94. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that melts at 454 K, with a single valence electron ([He] 2s1) that it readily gives up—reflected in a low electronegativity of 0.98 and a first ionization energy of 520 kJ/mol. Johan August Arfwedson identified the element in 1817. The same ease of ionization underlies lithium's dominant role in rechargeable batteries, while its salts are used in psychiatric medication. Sitting in group 1, period 2, the metal is too reactive to occur uncombined and is recovered instead from minerals and brines.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 6.941 u
밀도 0.534 g/cm³
녹는점 180.5 °C
끓는점 1329.8 °C
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid
원자 반지름 167.0 pm

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 0.98
이온화 에너지 520.2 eV
전자 친화도 59.6 eV
원자가 전자 1

전자 배치

배치 [He] 2s¹

전자껍질 배치

리튬의 전자껍질 배치 Li 2e⁻ 1e⁻
리튬의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 1

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 리튬의 위치 Li

발견

발견자: Johan August Arfwedson
연도: 1817

리튬을(를) 포함하는 화합물

Science FYI에서 더 보기

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 리튬?
리튬 (Li) is a chemical element with atomic number 3. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 알칼리 금속.
What are the key properties of 리튬?
리튬 has an atomic mass of 6.941 u, density of 0.534 g/cm³, melting point of 180.5°C, boiling point of 1329.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of 리튬?
The electron configuration of 리튬 is [He] 2s1. It is in the s-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered 리튬?
리튬 was discovered by Johan August Arfwedson in 1817.
What is the electronegativity of 리튬?
리튬 has an electronegativity of 0.98 on the Pauling scale.