Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)
2Al2O3 + 3C → 4Al + 3CO2
Visão geral
Alumina (Al₂O₃) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) at 960°C and electrolyzed using carbon anodes. Aluminum is deposited at the cathode and oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form CO₂. Independently invented by Charles Hall and Paul Héroult in 1886, this process reduced aluminum from a precious metal to a commodity.
Participantes
| Papel | Substância | Coeficiente | Estado |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reagente | Aluminum Oxide Al₂O₃ | 2 | (l) |
| Reagente | Carbon C | 3 | (s) |
| Produto | Carbon Dioxide CO₂ | 3 | (g) |
| Produto | Aluminum Al | 4 | (l) |
Exemplo do cotidiano
Every piece of aluminum foil, beverage can, and airplane wing was produced by the Hall-Héroult process.
Importância industrial
A fundição de alumínio produz 65 milhões de toneladas anualmente e consome cerca de 3% da eletricidade mundial. O alumínio é o metal estrutural mais utilizado após o aço, essencial para a aviação, embalagem e construção.
Propriedades
- Tipo
- Electrochemical
- Reversível
- Não
- Energia
- Endotérmico
- ΔH
- 2168,0 kJ/mol
- Catalisador
- Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent
Reações relacionadas
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the equation for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
The balanced equation is: 2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂.
What type of reaction is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is a electrochemical reaction.
Is Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) exothermic or endothermic?
Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting) is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 2168.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Hall-Héroult Process (Aluminum Smelting)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) solvent).